画堂春·外湖莲子长参差
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宋代]：张先
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外湖莲子长参差，霁山青处鸥飞。水天溶漾画桡迟，人影鉴中移。
桃叶浅声双唱，杏红深色轻衣。小荷障面避斜晖，分得翠阴归。
画堂春·外湖莲子长参差译文及注释
译文
外湖长满了莲蓬，望去参差错落，颇有韵致。天已放晴，雨后青山格外翠绿，在湖山掩映的绿阴深处，有一起起雪白的鸥鸟儿在蓝天碧水间飞翔，极其鲜明悦目。俯仰上下天光水色，只见水天相连，蓝天荡漾于碧波之中，绿水漾入云天之上，广袤天际，蔚为奇观。游人为饱览湖光山色，听任画船在水上缓缓行进。湖水明澈，波平如镜，游人坐在船上，人影映在水中，宛如在明镜中移动，别是一番幽美的境界。
船上歌女双双唱起《桃叶歌》来，轻柔婉转的歌声，久久在空间回荡。歌女所着的杏红衫子，在青山、绿水、蓝天的交相映衬下，更加加深了它的鲜艳色彩。偏西的阳光照射到游船上面，歌女们都采了一枝荷叶用来遮面，以躲避斜晖，直到游船归去时，自己还感到分得了一份绿荷扇子带来的凉意呢。
注释
参差：高低不齐。
霁（jì）山：雨后山色。
溶漾（róng yàng）：水波荡漾的样子。
画桡（ráo）：船桨，这里指画船。
迟：缓缓。
鉴：镜子。
桃叶：晋王献之有妾名“桃叶”，善歌。此处借指歌女。
浅声：轻婉歌声。
双唱：双双唱起。
深色：加深颜色。
轻衣：形容极薄的夏装。
障面：遮面。
斜晖（huī）：偏西的阳光。
翠：指绿荷。
阴：阴凉。
参考资料：
1、陆林编注．《宋词 白话解说》．北京：北京师范大学出版社，1992.11：第26页
画堂春·外湖莲子长参差创作背景
词人张先是江南湖州人，又在江南作过官，晚年归宿也在江南。这首词是词人夏日游江南湖山所作。
参考资料：
1、周汝昌，唐圭璋，俞平伯等著．《唐宋词鉴赏辞典 唐·五代·北宋》．上海：上海辞书出版社，2011.03：第384页
画堂春·外湖莲子长参差鉴赏
这首词既写江南夏日湖山之美，又写歌女容貌和性灵之美。全词融自然美与女性美于一境，写出了歌女天光水色之间的清歌妙发，表现出湖山和人物纯真自然的性灵。
上片起句开门见山，直写湖中美景。江南湖泊往往是重重相连。当外湖长满莲篷的时候，远远望去，高低参差，错落有致，比起荷花盛开，又是别有一番风味，此时正是游湖的好时光。下句展开远景：“霁山青处鸥飞”，是写天放晴了，雨洗过后的青山，格外的青，而那青山映衬之间，几点翩飞的白鸥，显得格外的白。“水天溶漾画桡迟。”词人俯仰上下，只见水涵着天，天连着水，水天溶溶漾漾，融而为一。游湖之人陶醉了，于是，任由船只鉴中缓缓地行。画桡，指画船。迟，谓缓行。这样美好的大自然里，人有时会忘却自己，有时却又以为自己是江山风月的主人。清莹的湖面正好是一面镜子，照出自己的存。“人影鉴中移。”人船中，船行水上，水面如镜，人影镜里移动。
下片由写景转为写人，重点描写歌女容貌之美和性灵之美。“桃叶浅声双唱”与“杏红深色轻衣”两句为对仗，一写其歌声，一写其衫色。桃叶，本是晋代王献之妾之名。献之笃爱桃叶，曾作《桃叶歌》歌之，传其辞云：“桃叶复桃叶，渡江不用楫。但渡无所苦，我自迎接汝。”南朝陈时，江南盛歌之，见《乐府诗集》卷四十五《桃叶歌》题解。词上句以“桃叶浅声”写所唱，此“桃叶”即《桃叶歌》，非指人而言。歌声轻婉，故曰“浅声”，女伴同唱，故曰“双唱”。此句写船上的一对歌女双双唱起了轻柔宛转的歌声。“杏红深色轻衣”则写青山绿水，上下天光之间，歌女杏红的衣色，显得格外深。深，亦是词人印象之深。词人写歌女之印象，不写其容貌而写其衣著，正是韵高脱俗的体现。这时正当暑天，故著轻衣。然而，词人印象更深的是：“小荷障面避斜晖。分得翠阴归。”暑天斜晖犹热，故而歌女采得一枝荷叶遮面。荷叶虽小，可是当乘船一路归去时，词人却感觉到，好象自己也分得了她手持荷叶的一份绿阴凉意。小荷障面之姿态，很美；分得翠阴之感受，虽为错觉，但更美。
此词游湖这一赏心乐事中，表现了自然风光和人物容貌、性灵之美，体现出词人高雅、清旷的审美意趣，抒写了词人对于大自然和生活的无限热爱。
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刘方平《
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采莲曲》
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张先《
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画堂春·外湖莲子长参差》
张先简介
唐代·张先的简介
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张先（990－1078），字子野，乌程（今浙江湖州吴兴）人。北宋时期著名的词人，曾任安陆县的知县，因此人称“张安陆”。天圣八年进士，官至尚书都官郎中。晚年退居湖杭之间。曾与梅尧臣、欧阳修、苏轼等游。善作慢词，与柳永齐名，造语工巧，曾因三处善用“影”字，世称张三影。
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