卜算子·旅雁向南飞
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宋代]：朱敦儒
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旅雁向南飞，风雨群初失。饥渴辛勤两翅垂，独下寒汀立。
鸥鹭苦难亲，矰缴忧相逼。云海茫茫无处归，谁听哀鸣急。
卜算子·旅雁向南飞译文及注释
译文
远行的大雁向南飞翔，风雨中与雁群失散。饥渴辛苦的大雁双翅无力地下垂，只好独宿于清冷的河中小洲。
沙鹞和白鹭苦于难以亲近，时刻担心被弓箭射杀。茫茫云海中找不到归宿，有谁来听鸿雁的声声哀号。
注释
卜算子：词牌名，又名《百尺楼》、《眉峰碧》、《楚天遥》等。相传是借用唐代诗人骆宾王的绰号。骆宾王写诗好用数字取名，人称“卜算子”。双调，四十四字，上下片各两仄韵。两结亦可酌增衬字，化五言句为六言句，于第三字豆。宋教坊复演为慢曲，《乐章集》入“歇指调”。八十九字，前片四仄韵，后片五仄韵。
旅雁：征雁。这里比喻战乱时人们纷纷南逃。
寒汀（tīng）立：冷落凄清的河中小洲。
鸥鹭：即沙鸥、白鹭。
矰（zēng）：用丝绳系住的短箭。缴（zhuó）：系在箭上的丝绳。
参考资料：
1、萧希凤注,宋词三百首简注,对外经济贸易大学出版社,2013.09,第117页
2、肖笃宋选编,唐宋词三百首 （少年版）,湖南少年儿童出版社,2006年05月第1版,第176页
卜算子·旅雁向南飞创作背景
北宋宋钦宗靖康年间（公元1126~1127年），即是“靖康之难”期间。词人开始南渡，为了描写来时的种种不适，于是写下了这首词。
参考资料：
1、邓红梅评注,婉约词,中华书局,2011.03,第157页
卜算子·旅雁向南飞鉴赏
上阙写失群旅雁遭遇风雨后的疲累饥渴之状与孤独之感。词的首句写冬天雁由北向南迁徙。“情沿物应”，才发而为词，“道寄人知”，借以表达因雁而兴起的伤感。“风雨群相失”的“风雨”，表面是指自然的风雨，骨子里却是喻指人世社会的风雨，是骤然袭来的战祸。接下去便以雁之饥渴辛劳、无力续飞与孤宿寒汀的情景，来比喻人们在逃难途中忍饥受寒、疲惫不堪和孤苦无依的惨状。
下阕以雁之忧惧被人弋射和茫茫无处归宿，以及哀鸣而无人怜顾的孤危，象征他与广大人民当时类似的处境与心情。“鸥鹭苦难亲”一句，承上句“寒汀立”而有所深入。鸥、鹭与雁，都是栖宿于沙洲汀渚之间的鸟类，而说“难亲”，便有地下亦难宁处之苦；“赠缴忧相逼”，则天空中更怕有性命之忧。《史记·留侯世家》载汉高祖歌日：“鸿鹄高飞，一举千里。······虽有赠缴。尚安所施！”而这里的鸿雁苦于身心交瘁，无力高飞，便易被猎人所射杀。如此借旅雁的困厄以写人间的忧患，可谓入木三分。结尾续写旅雁之苦。“云海茫茫”亦即人海茫茫，一语双关，余悲不尽。
全词处处写雁，但又处处在写自身的处境与心绪，收到了言在此而意在彼的艺术效果。词人写的虽然是个人在逃难途中的遭遇与感受，但作品所反映的内容却具有较强的时代色彩和普遍的意义。
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宇文虚中《
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在金日作·选二》
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曾几《
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寓居吴兴》
朱敦儒简介
唐代·朱敦儒的简介
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朱敦儒 （1081－1159），字希真，洛阳人。历兵部郎中、临安府通判、秘书郎、都官员外郎、两浙东路提点刑狱，致仕，居嘉禾。绍兴二十九年（1159）卒。有词三卷，名《樵歌》。朱敦儒获得“词俊”之名，与“诗俊”陈与义等并称为“洛中八俊” （楼钥《跋朱岩壑鹤赋及送闾丘使君诗》）
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