东归晚次潼关怀古
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唐代]：岑参
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暮春别乡树，晚景低津楼，
伯夷在首阳，欲往无轻舟。
遂登关城望，下见洪河流，
自从巨灵开，流血千万秋。
行行潘生赋，赫赫曹公谋，
川上多往事，凄凉满空洲。
东归晚次潼关怀古译文及注释
译文
暮春时满眼是异乡的草木，晚景中看到那渡津的关楼。
伯夷曾住过的首阳山，想去瞻仰却没有过河的轻舟。
于是登上了潼关城头眺望，俯瞰着黄河滔滔奔流。
自从黄河把大山分开，从此此地征战不休，血流成河。
潘岳在此作下行行名赋，赫赫曹公于此显奇谋。
大河上经历了多少往事，如今只见一片凄凉笼罩着空空的河洲。
注释
潼关：据《元和郡县志》卷二：“潼关，在（华阴）县东北三十九里，古桃林塞也。关西一里有潼水，因以名关。”
别乡树：指岑参在长安的居处。岑参在开元二十三年（735年）后“出入二郡，蹉跎十秋”（《感旧赋》）。为求仕奔波来往于长安、洛阳间。
津楼：指风陵津楼。伯夷：商末士君子。首阳山：即雷首山，在今山西永济县南。首阳山与华山为黄河所隔。
关城：指潼关城墙。
洪河：指黄河。
巨灵：巨灵，指河神，此处指黄河。
流血：言自古以来此地征战不休，鲜血染红了黄河水。一作“流尽”。
潘生：指西晋文人潘岳。他曾西来长安，作《西征赋》。
曹公：即三国曹操，曹操曾西征韩遂、马超，过关斩将，立下赫赫战功。
参考资料：
1、阮堂明 解评．岑参集．太原：山西古藉出版社，2010：1-5
2、谢楚发．高适岑参诗选译．成都：巴蜀书社，1991：130-132
东归晚次潼关怀古创作背景
《东归晚次潼关怀古》为岑参早期作品。岑参在唐玄宗开元二十三年（735年）二十岁时曾献书阙下，对策落第。作者失意东归，晚宿潼关，慨今怀古，睹景生情，大概于此时写下这首诗。
参考资料：
1、阮堂明 解评．岑参集．太原：山西古藉出版社，2010：1-5
东归晚次潼关怀古鉴赏
“伯夷在首阳，欲往无轻舟”此四句写诗人于暮春离开长安，东归途中的所见所感。西去的夕阳徘徊在津楼上久久不下，漫漫归程缥缈在前方，使游子产生一种无所归依感，商末“不食周粟，饿死首阳”的伯夷、叔齐二君子忽然浮现在眼前，多想一睹他们的高风亮节、铮铮铁骨，可在对岸的首阳山无轻舟可济，只能望洋兴叹，空发幽情。
此四句写关城落照中，诗人往登城楼，高处远望，但见奔流不息的黄河水卷夹着沉重的人类历史伤痕，吞噬着无数英魂的悲咽和哀叹，滔滔东流去。
“行行潘生赋，赫赫曹公谋。”此四句写诗人睹奔流不息的黄河水发思古之幽情，仰慕千古流传的潘岳之赋，缅怀赫赫战功的曹公。自古多为兵家征战之地的潼关，因为有了这份历史的厚重，诗人落寞无聊赖的心绪也变得更加凄凉怅惘。
诗人献书阙下，对策落第，心绪不佳。东归途中，登高远望，睹奔流万年的黄河水，思古人征战杀伐的累累战绩，叹自己茫然无着的仕途。语言平易浅近，脱口而出，有自然天成的浑圆美，亦可见出岑参早年艺术功底尚不深湛，有偏于浅近平淡之感。诗写一种愁绪，而寄怀于思古之幽情，篇终“川上多往事，凄凉满空洲”，从怀古转到诗人，含蓄浑涵，耐人寻味，直有阮籍《咏怀诗》之深婉不迫、蕴藉思深的风格。
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日登一览楼》
岑参简介
唐代·岑参的简介
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岑参（约715-770年），唐代边塞诗人，南阳人，太宗时功臣岑文本重孙，后徙居江陵。[1-2] 岑参早岁孤贫，从兄就读，遍览史籍。唐玄宗天宝三载（744年）进士，初为率府兵曹参军。后两次从军边塞，先在安西节度使高仙芝幕府掌书记；天宝末年，封常清为安西北庭节度使时，为其幕府判官。代宗时，曾官嘉州刺史（今四川乐山），世称“岑嘉州”。大历五年（770年）卒于成都。
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