秋浦歌十七首·其十四
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唐代]:李白
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炉火照天地,红星乱紫烟。
赧郎明月夜,歌曲动寒川。
秋浦歌十七首·其十四译文及注释
译文
炉火照彻天地,紫烟中红星乱闪。
炼铜工人在明月之夜,一边唱歌一边劳动,他们的歌声响彻了寒峭的山谷。
注释
秋浦:县名,唐时先属宣州,后属池州,在今安徽省贵池县西。秋浦因流经县城之西的秋浦河得名。
炉火:唐代,秋浦乃产铜之地。此指炼铜之炉火
赧郎:红脸汉。此指炼铜工人。赧:原指因羞愧而脸红,此指脸被炉火所映红。
秋浦歌十七首·其十四创作背景
明嘉靖、万历等《池州府志》、《贵池县志》记载了李白游秋浦的过程和他的名作《秋浦歌十七首《秋浦歌十七首》是李白游秋浦时写下的代表作,组诗的写作时间约在唐天宝八年至十四年(749~755)李白三次游秋浦期间。一说此诗大约天宝十二年(753年)。
参考资料:
1、朱文根.池州地方志记载了李白与《秋浦歌》[J].中国地方志,2011,04.
秋浦歌十七首·其十四鉴赏
在这首诗里,诗人饱含激情,唱出了一曲劳动者的颂歌,这在唐诗中是不多见的,因而弥足珍贵。
炉火,旧注有的解释为炼丹之火,有的说是渔人之火,这些说法都不妥当。清人王琦认为是冶铸之火,这个看法得到普遍的认同。因为据《新唐书·地理志》记载,秋浦多矿,尤产银产铜。冶炼之炉火,红光冲天,故能照耀天地。紫烟独具色彩的美感。李白喜用此词。如“身披翠云裘,袖拂紫烟去”,“素手掏青霭,罗衣曳紫烟”,以及著名的“日照香炉生紫烟”等等。前二例的“紫烟”,是李白神往的仙界中的意象,即所谓紫气祥云。后一类则是自然景象。本诗的“紫烟”句,则是对炉火的红星在紫色烟雾四射飞进的描写。用“紫烟”而不用“浓烟”,既淡化了冶铸工匠的艰辛,给这种劳动场景赋予了一层美丽多姿的色彩,又体现了诗人对色彩美的捕捉能力。
“赧郎”一词,旧时有人认为这是吴语,是“歌者助语之词”,即是象声词,是工匠们歌唱的某一音节。此说难以确证。赧,本指羞红的脸色,郎是对男子的尊称。“赧”此处引申为“红”义,“赧郎”指被熊熊炉火照红的冶炼工匠。这种解释是通达的。工匠们在寒夜里,在月光下,仍然辛勤地忙碌着,喊着嘹亮的号子,唱着粗犷的山歌,歌声在寒夜传得很远很远,在河面上飘飞,在山谷里回荡,不但使旷野的氛围变得热烈,也驱走了他们自身的疲乏和劳顿,寒夜也似乎不那么漫长了。
全诗只有二十个字,但传神写照,将冶炼工匠的生活与形象刻划得维妙维肖,动人心弦,诗人对冶炼GREn2/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>工人的敬爱与颂扬之情也得到自然的流露。
“炉火照天地”,通过夸张的手法,写出了冶铸工场的热烈气氛,给全诗定下了热烈欢快的基调。从画面上看,形成一个亮点,处于中心位置。这映照天地的炉火,既是GREn2/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>工人们劳动的反映,也和他们豪迈爽朗的心情相映衬。“红星”一句则是对上句的补足,从细节对炉火进行刻画。着重从色调的红与紫的对比、星与烟的排比入手,抓住了最富代表性的特征。而一个“乱”字,更是巧妙而逼真地将火花四溅,紫烟升腾的冶炼场面再现出来。以如此十字便准确生动地概括出一个热烈喧腾、生机勃勃的场景,不能不叹服诗人的如椽大笔。最后二句,顺势进入对人的描写。先用“明月夜”照应上文的“炉火”,写工匠们深夜劳作的艰辛。农人是日出而作,日入而息,但冶炼GREn2/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>工人们却不能如此运作。铁水未化,便不能下岗,夜以继日才是他们的特点,这不经意的一句,恰到好处地写出了他们与农民的生活规律及劳动方式的差异来。尽管如此,GREn2/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>工人们还是喜欢自己的职业的,当铁水出炉之时,他们会为自己的杰作而自豪,而歌唱。那声震寒川的歌曲,就是他们此刻心境的最好说明。这就把劳动者勤劳善良的性格特征鲜明地表现出来。
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李白(701年-762年),字太白,号青莲居士,唐朝浪漫主义诗人,被后人誉为“诗仙”。祖籍陇西成纪(待考),出生于西域碎叶城,4岁再随父迁至剑南道绵州。李白存世诗文千余篇,有《李太白集》传世。762年病逝,享年61岁。其墓在今安徽当涂,四川江油、湖北安陆有纪念馆。
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