迷神引·贬玉溪对江山作
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宋代]：晁补之
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黯黯青山红日暮，浩浩大江东注。余霞散绮，向烟波路。使人愁，长安远，在何处。几点渔灯小，迷近坞。一片客帆低，傍前浦。
暗想平生，自悔儒冠误。觉阮途穷，归心阻。断魂素月，一千里、伤平楚。怪竹枝歌，声声怨，为谁苦。猿鸟一时啼，惊岛屿。烛暗不成眠，听津鼓。
迷神引·贬玉溪对江山作译文及注释
译文
青山渐渐被暮霭笼罩红日慢慢向西坠落，浩浩长江奔腾不息汹涌地向东流去。天空中缕缕残霞就像有花纹的罗绮渐渐散开，回首望去浩淼的烟波掩映着漫漫路途。令人忧愁的是离京城越来越远逐渐模糊，愁云惨雾暮霭沉沉中京都究竟藏在何处。几处闪烁不定的微弱的渔火，使人迷离恍惚不知船坞远近。一叶船帆渐渐低垂下来，停泊在前面的江浦。
默默地回想自己的一生，独自悔恨常常为追求功名所误。自己就像阮籍那样已到穷途末路，而归隐田园的情趣却常常受阻。遥望普照千里楚地的皎皎素月，此刻竟是这样令人伤感凄楚。怨恨那如泣如诉的竹枝歌啊，为何声声愁怨为谁痛苦。凄厉的猿啼悲哀的鸟鸣声，仿佛惊动了整个岛屿。昏暗的烛光下久久难以入眠，卧听着津渡边的声声更鼓。
注释
“黯黯”句：青山渐暗，红日西沉。
余霞散绮：南朝齐·谢眺《晚登三山还望京邑》：“余霞散成绮。” 绮，有花纹的丝织品。
“使人愁”三句：李白《登金陵凤凰台》诗：“长安不见使人愁”。田坞：水边停船的地方。
儒冠误：杜甫《奉赠韦左丞丈二十二韵》：“纨挎不饿死，儒冠多误身。”富家子弟养尊处优，而一般读书人往往潦倒一生。
阮途穷：晋人阮籍，佯狂不羁，纵酒颓放，常驾车独游，等到路走不通了，便痛苦而返。表现对当时政治的不满。
断魂: 因悲伤而神情恍惚。平楚： 平远的树林。
竹枝歌：《乐府诗集》：“《竹枝》本出于巴渝，唐贞元中，刘禹锡在阮湘，以俚歌鄙陋，乃依骚人《九歌》，作《竹枝》新词九章，教里中儿歌之。”
津鼓： 渡头的更鼓。
参考资料：
1、夏于全主编. 中国历代诗歌经典 唐诗·宋词·元曲 宋词卷 上 绣像版[M]. 呼和浩特：内蒙古人民出版社, 2002.07.第169-170页
2、郭彦全编著. 历代词今译[M]. 北京：中国书店, 2000.01.第168-169页
迷神引·贬玉溪对江山作创作背景
自绍圣四年起，晁补之被贬到南方监酒税。远离帝京的他，恋阙心理在词创作中多有表现。元符二年（1099），晁补之贬信州监酒税时写下《迷神引·贬玉溪对江山作》。
参考资料：
1、昌庆志．北宋馆阁文人词创作研究：黄山书社，2014：208
迷神引·贬玉溪对江山作鉴赏
上阕以景起，气象雄浑，景物壮阔。接着，前结四个短句是起处写景的继续和演化。从人的感情说，开始位立江滨，见青山、红日、大江，心胸为之开阔，有此壮美之景。后来，随着江水望去，“长安远，在何处“，不见长安，只见渔灯客帆，于是感到“愁”来。上阕处理景、情、意的关系，理路清楚，而运笔有起伏。有衬托，以“长安远”为中间枢纽，前后时间。场景，顿生变化，由高远绮丽转为低小出寒，反映作者迷茫的心境，而通体不高“对江山”所见，词笔极为浑成。
下阕一连四短句十六个字，倾吐出满怀衷肠，语凄清苦。古人名换头为过变，或藕断丝连，或异军突起。这样汪洋恣肆地抒怀，是上阕酝蓄、堆积的结果，当感情的阀门一下打开，便一发不可收拾。“自悔儒冠误”，是一句十分悲愤感慨的话。“纨绔不饿死，儒冠多误身”（杜甫《奉赠韦左感丈二十二韵》）。富家子弟养享处代，而一般读书人往往潦倒一生。杜诗言辞激愤，溢于纸面，政治生涯不顺利的晁补之，前句用“暗想”，后句用“自悔”，表达了词人自怨自艾的情绪。普人阮籍，佯狂不羁，纵酒颓放，表现出他对当时政治的不满，实际上也是一种远祸全身的手段。他常驾车独游，等到路走不通了，便痛哭而返。这里词人觉得他和阮籍一样，施展自己的宏图抱负是不可能了，而羁于谪宦，欲归又不得归。换头后这四句是词人抑郁壅塞的感情的暴发。
这首词写作者贬玉溪（信州）后，面对江山兴起的悲伧情怀。上阕以写景为主。有青山、红日、大江、余震的绮丽壮景，也有几点渔火、一片客帆的凄迷景色，略寓感情。词的艺术上的成功，着重在下阕，于一泻无余倾吐衷曲后，用多种带有浓厚感情色彩的事物，层层渲染，步步加深来抒发因贬谪而产生的伦然之情，从红日暮到红烛暗，到津鼓响，时间的跨度长，调动的景物多，但写来如春蚕吐丝，条条缕缕，清晰明白，使词人的悲伦之情如见。既曲折，又明快，用古人的话说大抵是：“触景生情，复缘情布景，节节转换，稼丽周密。譬之织锦家，真窦氏回文梭也”（贺裳《皱水轩词筌》）。
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乔吉《
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凭栏人》
晁补之简介
唐代·晁补之的简介
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晁补之（公元1053年—公元1110年），字无咎，号归来子，汉族，济州巨野（今属山东巨野县）人，北宋时期著名文学家。为“苏门四学士”（另有北宋诗人黄庭坚、秦观、张耒）之一。曾任吏部员外郎、礼部郎中。 工书画，能诗词，善属文。与张耒并称“晁张”。其散文语言凝练、流畅，风格近柳宗元。诗学陶渊明。其词格调豪爽，语言清秀晓畅，近苏轼。但其诗词流露出浓厚的消极归隐思想。著有《鸡肋集》、《晁氏琴趣外篇》等。
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清代：
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焦循
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重阳风雨遍扬州，买得秋花又一秋。说是傲霜吾不信，朝来篱下总垂头。