解语花·风销焰蜡
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宋代]：周邦彦
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风消焰蜡，露浥红莲，花市光相射。桂华流瓦。纤云散，耿耿素娥欲下。衣裳淡雅。看楚女纤腰一把。箫鼓喧，人影参差，满路飘香麝。
因念都城放夜。望千门如昼，嬉笑游冶。钿车罗帕。相逢处，自有暗尘随马。年光是也。唯只见、旧情衰谢。清漏移，飞盖归来，从舞休歌罢。
解语花·风销焰蜡译文及注释
译文
蜡烛在风中燃烧，夜露浸湿了花灯，街市上灯光交相映射。皎洁月光照着屋瓦，淡淡的云层散去，光彩照人的嫦娥飘然欲下。衣裳是多么精致素雅，南国少女个个都细腰如掐。大街小巷箫鼓喧腾，人影攒动，条条路上幽香阵阵。
不由想起当年京城的灯夜，千家万户张灯结彩如同白昼。姑娘们笑盈盈出门游赏，香车上不时有人丢下罗帕。有缘相逢的地方，必是打马相随尘土飞洒。今年的京城想必依旧，只是我旧日的情怀已全衰谢。钟漏轻移时间不早，赶快乘车回去吧，任凭人们去尽情歌舞玩耍。
注释
解语花：词牌名。此词双调一百字，前段九句六仄韵，后段九句七仄韵。
焰蜡：燃着的蜡烛。一作“绛蜡”。
浥（yì）：湿润，沾湿。红莲：指荷花灯。
桂华：代指月亮、月光。传说月中有桂树，故有以桂代月。
素娥：月中神女名嫦娥，月色白，故亦称素娥。
参（cēn）差（cī）：散乱不齐貌。
放夜：古代京城禁止夜行，惟正月十五夜弛禁，市民可欢乐通宵，称作“放夜”。
千门：指皇宫深沉，千家万户。
钿（diàn）车：装饰豪华的马车。
飞盖：华丽的车盖，此处指车子。
参考资料：
1、叶嘉莹 王强．周邦彦词新释辑评．北京：中国书店，2006：212-217
解语花·风销焰蜡创作背景
关于此词写作的地点和年代，旧有异说。清人周济《宋四家词选》谓是“在荆南作”，“当与《齐天乐》同时”；近人陈思《清真居士年谱》则以此词为周知明州（今浙江宁波）时作，时在徽宗政和五年（1115）。
参考资料：
1、叶嘉莹 王强．周邦彦词新释辑评．北京：中国书店，2006：212-217
解语花·风销焰蜡鉴赏
此词上片，写作者眼前所见的元宵景色。前三句，紧扣节日，写灯火的光灿耀眼。其中第一、二句是分写，第三句是总写。谭献评的《词辨》，于周邦彦《齐天乐·秋思》起句“绿芜凋尽台城路”评为“以扫为生”，这首词的起句也是如此。元宵佳节，到处都是辉煌灯火，所谓“东风夜放花千树”：而作者却偏在第一句用了一个“销”字，意谓通明的蜡炬在风中逐渐被烧残而销蚀。但由于第三句“花市光相射”骤然振起，可见元宵的灯火是愈燃愈旺，随销随点，纵有风露，不害其灿烂闪灼的。特别是第二句以“露浥红莲”夹在两句之间，得虚实相映之妙，就更见出作者得“以扫为生”了。“焰蜡”是真，“红莲”是假，“风销焰蜡”是写实，“露浥红莲”则近于虚拟，由于在灯烛的映射下莲花灯上宛如沾湿了清露。这就不仅写出节日的盛妆，而且还摹绘出新春的生意。此正如孟浩然的《春晓》，尽管他说“夜来风雨声，花落知多少”，却无“落红满径”的残春之意，相反，倒显得万紫千红，春色无边。那是由于诗人写到雨后初晴，晨曦满树，既然处处鸟啭莺啼，足见春光正艳。这与此词同样是“以扫为生”。当然，周词毕竟含有消极成分在内，第一句也同下片“旧情衰谢”“舞休歌罢”等句暗自呼应。因为元夜灯火纵然热闹通宵，也总有灯残人散之时的。
“桂华流瓦”三句，是写了灯光又写月光。对“桂华”一句，人们多受王国维《人间词话》的影响，认为“境界”虽“极妙”，终不免遗憾，“惜以‘桂华’二字代‘月’耳”。特别是王氏对词中用代字的意见是十分苛刻的。他说：“词忌用替代字。……其所以然者，非意不足，则语不妙也。盖意足则不暇代，语妙则不必代。”这就使人觉得周邦彦此词此句真有美中不足之嫌了。其实《人间词话》的评语未必中肯，至少是对词用代字的意见未必适用于这首周词。诚如王氏所云，那只消把“桂”字改成“月”字，便一切妥当。然而果真改为“月华流瓦”，较之原句似反觉逊色。这首词的好处，就在于没有落入灯月交辉的俗套。作者一上来写灯火通明，已极工巧之能事；此处转而写月，则除了写出月色的光辉皎洁外，还写出它的姿容绝代，色香兼备。“桂华”一语，当然包括月中有桂树和桂子飘香（如白居易《忆江南三首》“山寺月中寻桂子”）两个典故，但更主要的却是为下面“耿耿素娥欲下”一句作铺垫。既然嫦娥翩翩欲下，她当然带着女子特有的香气，而嫦娥身上所散发出来的香气正应如桂花一般，因此这“桂华”二字就不是陈词滥词了。这正如杜甫在《月夜》中所写的“香雾云鬟湿”，着一“香”字，则雾里的月光便如簇拥云鬟的嫦娥出现在眼前，而对月怀人之情也就不言而喻，昔曹植《洛神赋》以“凌波微步，罗袜生尘”的警句刻画出一位水上女神的绰约仙姿，杜甫和周邦彦则把朦胧或皎洁的月光比拟为呼之欲下的月中仙女，皆得异曲同工之妙。周词这写月的三句，“桂华”句宛如未见其容，先闻其香；“纤云散”则如女子搴开帷幕或揭去面纱；然后水到渠成，写出了“耿耿素娥欲下”。如依王说，不用“桂华”而迳说“月明”，则肯定不会有现在这一栩栩如生的场面。所谓美成此词设想新奇，构思巧妙，正是指的这种表现手法。
然而作者的笔触并未停留在这里，他又从天上回到人间，写“时序风物”和“人家宴乐”之盛美。但作者把这些全放到背景中去写，突出地写只有在良辰佳节才出来看灯赏月的女子，故紧接着绘出了“衣裳淡雅，看楚女纤腰一把”的窈窕形象。“淡雅”二字，恰与上文“素娥”相映衬。
“萧鼓喧，人影参差”是写实，却用来烘托气氛，体现闹中有静；而以“满路飘香麝”作为上片小结，到底是因人间有衣裳淡雅而又馨香满路的“楚女”引起作者对团而明朗的皓月产生了“耿耿素娥欲下”的联想和幻觉呢，还是用月里嫦娥来衬托或拟喻人间的姝丽，仙乎，人乎，那尽可由读者自己去补充或设想，作者却不再饶舌了。此之谓耐人寻味。
上片是作者眼前目击之景，下片则由当前的灯节一下借回忆而连接上了昔日自己在都城的灯节，由眼前景色，很自然地联想到汴京风光，用“因念”二字领起。结尾处的今昔之感，实自此油然而生。“都城放夜”是特定的时间地点。“千门如昼”写得极空灵概括，然而气派很足。“嬉笑游冶”转入写人事，即都中士女在上元节日总的活动情况，其中也包括作者在内。
这些都是写上元应有之文，也是题中应有之义，可是着重点却在于“钿车罗帕，相逢处，自有暗尘随马”。这大有“晚逐香车入凤城”（张泌《浣溪沙》）的味道。柳永在一首《迎新春》的词里写汴京元宵的景况也说：“渐天如水，素月当午。香径里，绝缨掷果无数。更阑烛影花阴下，少年人往往奇遇。”与周词所写，意趣正复相同。不过柳词朴实坦率，直言无隐；周词委婉含蓄，比较收敛而已。柳词是客观描述，周词则由上片的眼前风物回顾当年，情绪上是由波动而克制，终于流露出年华老去，“旧情衰谢”的无可奈何之感。故两词风调仍复不同。历来注家于“自有暗尘随马”一句都引苏味道《上元》诗中五六二句：“暗尘随马去，明月逐人来。”苏轼《蝶恋花·密州上元》词则反用其意，说是“更无一点尘随马”。而周词此处的用法似与苏味道诗略异其趣，意思是说女子坐着钿车出游，等到与所期男子在约定地点相遇之后，车尾便有个骑马的男子跟踪了。“暗”不独形容被马蹄带起的“尘”，也含有偷期密约，蹑迹潜踪的意思。这是苏味道原诗中所没有的。
底下作者自然而然转入了自嗟身世。“年光”二句是说每年都有这样一次元宵佳节，可是自己饱历沧桑，无复昔日情怀，那种嬉笑游冶的轻狂生活，已一去不复返了。于是以“清漏移”三句作结。一到深夜，作者再也无心观赏灯月交辉的景象，流连追欢逐爱的风情，于是就乘着车子赶快回到官邸（“飞盖归来”有避之唯恐不及的意味），心想，任凭人们去狂欢达旦吧。
结尾之妙，在于“从舞休歌罢”一句有两重意思。一是说任凭人们纵情歌舞，尽欢而散，自己可没有这等闲情逸致了；二是说人们纵使高兴到极点，歌舞也有了时，与其灯阑人散，扫兴归来，还不如早点离开热闹场合，留不尽之余地。作者另一首词《满庭芳·夏日溧水无想山作》的结尾也说：“歌筵畔，先安簟枕，容我醉时眠。”两者都是写自己无复昔时宴安于声色的情怀，却又都尽极蕴藉含蓄之能事，也可以说是异曲同工。到了李清照，由于感情过分悲凉伤感，便直截了当地写出“试灯无意思，踏雪没心情”（《临江仙》）这样万念俱灰的句子，看似衰飒，情感却反而显得奔放，不嫌其尽。有人认为李清照的《词论》中没有提周邦彦，事实上却是承认周邦彦为词道正宗的，以此看来，未必尽然。
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李商隐《
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正月十五夜闻京有灯，恨不得观》
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苏轼《
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除夜野宿常州城外二首》
周邦彦简介
唐代·周邦彦的简介
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周邦彦（1056年－1121年），中国北宋末期著名的词人，字美成，号清真居士，汉族，钱塘（今浙江杭州）人。历官太学正、庐州教授、知溧水县等。徽宗时为徽猷阁待制，提举大晟府。精通音律，曾创作不少新词调。作品多写闺情、羁旅，也有咏物之作。格律谨严。语言典丽精雅。长调尤善铺叙。为后来格律派词人所宗。旧时词论称他为“词家之冠”。有《清真集》传世。
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寻芳草 本意
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：
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丁澎
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嫩碧微烟笼。踏青时、芳菲谁共。绣鞋儿、却被香尘拥。
挽不住、王孙梦。
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和家字韵呈同社诸公
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宋代：
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廖行之
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平生四海鲁东家，貌敬谁能礼有加。
试问离歌谈狗曲，何如艳曲唱山茶。
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送人还槜李 其一
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清代：
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屈大均
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我自三云塞，来归百粤城。故人离别尽，边地姓名轻。
孔雀自相妒，梅花无此情。如君是知己，应解识生平。
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寄题朱元晦武夷精舍
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宋代：
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陆游
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山如嵩少三十六，水似邛郲九折途。
我老正须闲处著，白云一半肯分无？
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挽卜怜吉歹河南王
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：
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陈益稷
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哲人萎矣栋梁倾，回首西风涕暗零。三世功名今古史，百年过客短长亭。
手扶红日名犹在，身就黄粱梦不醒。记取汾阳旧勋业，紫薇留种继芳馨。
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次韵杨廷秀求近诗
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宋代：
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王庭圭
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闻说学诗如学仙，怪来诗思渺无边。自怜犹裹痴人骨，岂意妄得麻姑鞭。
曾似千军初入阵，清于三峡夜流泉。只今老钝无新语，枫落吴江恐误传。