题所赁宅牡丹花
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唐代]：王建
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赁宅得花饶，初开恐是妖。
粉光深紫腻，肉色退红娇。
且愿风留著，惟愁日炙燋。
可怜零落蕊，收取作香烧。
题所赁宅牡丹花译文及注释
译文
当初租赁房舍，哪想到竟有牡丹满院，一开花便绚丽无比，莫非是妖精变现！
紫花丰腴，光泽均匀细腻，红花鲜艳，羞退靓女胭脂面。
但愿和风惠顾，让牡丹姣颜久驻，只担心烈日无情，把它烤成焦烂。
可惜花期已过，收起凋零花瓣，且待烧出香气缭绕的轻烟和火焰。
注释
赁（lìn）宅：租赁他人的宅院。
饶：丰富。又犹娇，“娆”的本字，佳美的意思。
腻：润滑有光泽。
退红：粉红色。
炙燋（zhìzhuó）：晒干。燋，同“灼”，火烧。
零落：凋谢飘落。
收取：收拾集起。
参考资料：
1、蓝保卿．中国历代牡丹诗词选注：中州古籍出版社，2009：18-19
2、郭绍林．隋唐历史文化续编·唐五代牡丹诗词译注：中国文史出版社，2006：394
题所赁宅牡丹花创作背景
由诗中写作者在外租屋而居可知作者此时境况较贫寒，约作于元和长庆间（820-821）。时为春日，作者目睹牡丹花开花落，有感而作。
参考资料：
1、蓝保卿．中国历代牡丹诗词选注：中州古籍出版社，2009：18-19
题所赁宅牡丹花鉴赏
牡丹、娇贵富丽，红妆异香，有天香国色、倾国倾城之称。或写花，衬以美人，或写人，衬以娇花；或者人花合写，彼此交融，李白的《清平调》就是一篇杰作，而“春风拂槛露华浓”似乎成了绝唱。总之，这都表现了中国人的审美标准和对美的追求。王建此诗，正可谓此尽其致。
首联租赁别人的房宅，本来也是随遇而安，无所好挑剔的，可没想到竟有那么丰饶的牡舟花。一个“得”字，正好表现出他那种喜出望外的得意神情。恰因为得自意外，所以初开之时，便唯恐它是妖了。美人之所以让入心旋不守，神魂颠倒，完全在于她的妖冶妩媚；牡丹含苞初绽，鲜艳欲滴，其荡人心魄，决不下于美人之妖态，只这一句就把社丹写活了。
颔联承“妖”写来。‘“粉光”、“肉色”俱是美人动人之处，粉光丽质，滑若凝脂、肉色性感，柔若无骨，这恰是美人的妖态，也同样是花的妖态。“深紫”、“退红”均属壮丹艳冶之色，而这又正好使作者联想起美人的“粉光”和“肉色”来。用“腻”和“娇”二字，直把花作人写，人、物浑然一体，确实表达出了天人合一的审美境界。
青春美色的克星是无情的岁月，而娇花名卉的厄运却正是风吹日晒，风吹就会落掉，日炙以致枯焦。怜香惜玉，多情善感的诗人，于赁宅得以名花的为患难之交，定不肯失之交臂，于是他千祈祷，万忧愁：“且愿风留著，唯愁日炙燋。”
这里既可见出诗人追求美是何等的执着、也可明白牡丹是多么的富丽可爱，以致让诗人倾倒如是。然而自屈原香草美人以比君子，托物讽喻便成为中国抒情诗的一大传统，所以个中不仅有香花的摇落之悲，还有美人的迟暮之叹，更有诗人身处乱世的命运之感。
花儿被吹落，被炙燋了，可她那一缕芳心，仍然楚楚可怜，只有香如故。这位“零落”的诗人，拾起了“零落”的花蕊，回到屋里把它当香烧了。也不知是花的香气陪伴着他，还是他陪伴着香气，直是到了物我两忘的境界。
全诗前两联写景，后两联扮清，景中寓情，情里含景，以人写花，以花写人，花、妖、作者三位一体，句句写花，而又无一处不在写人，堪称大手笔。尤其末联，自怜自爱，自伤身世，是花，是妖，也是诗人。形象感人，咀嚼无尽。
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谢枋得《
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庆庵寺桃花》
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韩元吉《
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六州歌头·东风著意》
王建简介
唐代·王建的简介
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王建(约767年—约830年)：字仲初，生于颍川(今河南许昌)，唐朝诗人。其著作，《新唐书·艺文志》、《郡斋读书志》、《直斋书录解题》等皆作10卷，《崇文总目》作2卷。
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