菊梦
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清代]:曹雪芹
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篱畔秋酣一觉清,和云伴月不分明。
登仙非慕庄生蝶,忆旧还寻陶令盟。
睡去依依随雁断,惊回故故恼蛩鸣。
醒时幽怨同谁诉,衰草寒烟无限情。
菊梦译文及注释
译文
东篱的菊花下,酣梦一觉方醒,只觉得天上的云与月混在一起,还看不分明。
如此花下飘飘欲仙的酣眠,不是为了追寻庄子梦蝶的感觉,只是为回忆陶渊明爱菊、赏菊的风雅。
睡去以后,心思随着南归的大雁远去,美梦却被蟋蟀的鸣叫声每每惊醒。
醒来以后,我的幽怨还能找谁去诉说?只有把无限的情思寄托于衰草寒烟。
注释
秋酣一觉清:秋菊酣睡,梦境清幽。
“和云”句:唐代张贲以“和霜伴月”写菊,兹换一字,以写菊花梦魂高飞;以“不分明”说梦境依稀恍惚。
⑶登仙”句:说梦魂翩跹,仿佛成仙,但并非是羡慕庄子变作蝴蝶。庄周梦中化蝶事见《庄子·齐物论》。这里引“庄生蝶”是为了点“梦”。
忆旧:实即“梦旧”,诗题中“梦”字句中不出现是咏物诗技巧上的讲究。寻盟:表示结交友好,语出《左传》。这一联构思或受元代柯九思“蝶化人间梦,鸥寻海上盟”诗句的启发。
故故:屡屡,时时。
参考资料:
1、曹雪芹.红楼梦:人民文学,1981
菊梦鉴赏
此诗是写菊花之梦,也是写咏菊者之梦。因写梦境,故用扑朔迷离的笔法。菊花在酣梦中进入和云伴月的佳境,去寻高朋结良盟。但这种美妙的境界常被打断,因之产生种种懊恼和幽怨。
因为林黛玉的孤傲是做出来给人看的,因此她的《菊梦》和《咏菊》《问菊》一样,也比较扭曲:“登仙非慕庄生蝶,忆旧还寻陶令盟”。她做这个梦,不是为了羡慕庄周人与自然合为一体的纯然感觉,只是为了效仿陶渊明,作一作能博取美名的清高秀。
总而言之,林黛玉的清高正如这些菊花诗一样,是刻意装出来的。是在明知“一从陶令平章后,千古高风说到今”的情形下,而刻意效仿出来的。目的只是为了抒发自己小文人式的对世俗名位的求之不得的哀怨,并同时博取清高的美名和旁人的同情。因此,一遇到真正能考验她能够取法陶令的时候,她就丢下这些“孤标傲世偕谁隐”、“满纸自怜题素怨”的标榜而不管,一个劲地去高歌“何幸邀恩宠,宫车过往频”、“盛世无饥馁,何须耕织忙”、“主人指示风雷动,鳌背三山独立名”了。
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曹雪芹简介
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曹雪芹,名霑,字梦阮,号雪芹,又号芹溪、芹圃。清代著名文学家,小说家。先祖为中原汉人,满洲正白旗包衣出身。素性放达,曾身杂优伶而被钥空房。爱好研究广泛:金石、诗书、绘画、园林、中医、织补、工艺、饮食等。他出身于一个“百年望族”的大官僚地主家庭,因家庭的衰败饱尝人世辛酸,后以坚韧不拔之毅力,历经多年艰辛创作出极具思想性、艺术性的伟大作品《红楼梦》。
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