初出济州别城中故人
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唐代]:王维
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微官易得罪,谪去济川阴。
执政方持法,明君照此心。
闾阎河润上,井邑海云深。
纵有归来日,各愁年鬓侵。
初出济州别城中故人译文及注释
译文
官职卑微最容易获罪,我被贬谪到济水之滨。
执政者正坚持以法办事,圣明之君主原无贬斥之心。
村落在黄河浸润的岸边,城镇的上空海云浓深。
纵然不会没有还京的日子,只怕岁月早已染白了双鬓。
注释
题注:一作“被出济州”。
微官:小官。晋欧阳建《临终诗》:“咨余冲且暗,抱责守微官。”获罪。《尚书·康诰》:“凡民自得罪:寇攘奸宄,杀越人于货,暋不畏死,罔弗憝。”
济川:济水。阴:水南为阴。
执政:掌握国家大权的人。持法:执法。
明君:贤明的君主。照:一作“无”。
闾阎:里巷内外的门。后多借指里巷。河润:指沿河湿润之地;河流沿岸。
井邑:城镇。海云深:近海云气浓重。
归来:指回到京城。
各:一作“多”。年鬓:年龄与鬓发。
参考资料:
1、彭定求 等.全唐诗(上).上海:上海古籍出版社,1986:293
2、邓安生 等.王维诗选译.成都:巴蜀书社,1990:100-102
初出济州别城中故人创作背景
此诗当作于唐玄宗开元九年(721年)。王维开元九年(721年)进士及第,授太乐丞一职,然入仕仅数月就因“黄狮子案”获罪被贬济州司仓参军。王维入仕踌躇满志,但仅数月就遭遇突如其来的打击。这首诗是王维赴济州前的留别之作。
参考资料:
1、邓安生 等.王维诗选译.成都:巴蜀书社,1990:100-102
2、杨宇宁.王维奉佛原因之探究.延安大学本科毕业论文,2011,06
初出济州别城中故人鉴赏
这首诗用曲折委婉的笔法,表现了作者被贬谪的怨愤和归期难测的愁情。
首联“微官易得罪,谪去济川阴”二句点题,首句写自己官职卑微,动辄得咎,言外之意,执政者为所欲为,怨愤之情已溢于言表。当时的执政者是张说,他和太乐令刘贶的父亲刘知几有矛盾,王维是和刘贶同时遭贬的。
颔联“执政方持法,明君照此心”,写得怨而不怒,表面上为唐玄宗开脱,也说执政者是执法办事,其实是托讽。钟惺说:“持法二字周旋感慨,立言甚妙。”谭元春也说这两句表现得“极忠厚,极不忠厚”,都认为是委婉地点出了唐玄宗是听了张说之言,至有此行。
颈联“闾阎河润上,井邑海云深”作跌宕之气,由眼前的离别悬想济州的风土情况。
尾联“纵有归来日,各愁年鬓侵”则又进一步表示自己负罪不轻,正当年少,却远愁年鬓之改,邈无归期,慨叹转深。
全诗充分反映了王维对此次获罪被贬的打击心有余悸,然而又并非完全心灰意冷的心情。
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陆龟蒙《
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新沙》
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常建《
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三日寻李九庄》
王维简介
唐代·王维的简介
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王维(701年-761年,一说699年—761年),字摩诘,汉族,河东蒲州(今山西运城)人,祖籍山西祁县,唐朝诗人,有“诗佛”之称。苏轼评价其:“味摩诘之诗,诗中有画;观摩诘之画,画中有诗。”开元九年(721年)中进士,任太乐丞。王维是盛唐诗人的代表,今存诗400余首,重要诗作有《相思》《山居秋暝》等。王维精通佛学,受禅宗影响很大。佛教有一部《维摩诘经》,是王维名和字的由来。王维诗书画都很有名,非常多才多艺,音乐也很精通。与孟浩然合称“王孟”。
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