初出济州别城中故人
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唐代]：王维
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微官易得罪，谪去济川阴。
执政方持法，明君照此心。
闾阎河润上，井邑海云深。
纵有归来日，各愁年鬓侵。
初出济州别城中故人译文及注释
译文
官职卑微最容易获罪，我被贬谪到济水之滨。
执政者正坚持以法办事，圣明之君主原无贬斥之心。
村落在黄河浸润的岸边，城镇的上空海云浓深。
纵然不会没有还京的日子，只怕岁月早已染白了双鬓。
注释
题注：一作“被出济州”。
微官：小官。晋欧阳建《临终诗》：“咨余冲且暗，抱责守微官。”获罪。《尚书·康诰》：“凡民自得罪：寇攘奸宄，杀越人于货，暋不畏死，罔弗憝。”
济川：济水。阴：水南为阴。
执政：掌握国家大权的人。持法：执法。
明君：贤明的君主。照：一作“无”。
闾阎：里巷内外的门。后多借指里巷。河润：指沿河湿润之地；河流沿岸。
井邑：城镇。海云深：近海云气浓重。
归来：指回到京城。
各：一作“多”。年鬓：年龄与鬓发。
参考资料：
1、彭定求 等．全唐诗（上）．上海：上海古籍出版社，1986：293
2、邓安生 等．王维诗选译．成都：巴蜀书社，1990：100-102
初出济州别城中故人创作背景
此诗当作于唐玄宗开元九年（721年）。王维开元九年（721年）进士及第，授太乐丞一职，然入仕仅数月就因“黄狮子案”获罪被贬济州司仓参军。王维入仕踌躇满志，但仅数月就遭遇突如其来的打击。这首诗是王维赴济州前的留别之作。
参考资料：
1、邓安生 等．王维诗选译．成都：巴蜀书社，1990：100-102
2、杨宇宁.王维奉佛原因之探究.延安大学本科毕业论文,2011,06
初出济州别城中故人鉴赏
这首诗用曲折委婉的笔法，表现了作者被贬谪的怨愤和归期难测的愁情。
首联“微官易得罪，谪去济川阴”二句点题，首句写自己官职卑微，动辄得咎，言外之意，执政者为所欲为，怨愤之情已溢于言表。当时的执政者是张说，他和太乐令刘贶的父亲刘知几有矛盾，王维是和刘贶同时遭贬的。
颔联“执政方持法，明君照此心”，写得怨而不怒，表面上为唐玄宗开脱，也说执政者是执法办事，其实是托讽。钟惺说：“持法二字周旋感慨，立言甚妙。”谭元春也说这两句表现得“极忠厚，极不忠厚”，都认为是委婉地点出了唐玄宗是听了张说之言，至有此行。
颈联“闾阎河润上，井邑海云深”作跌宕之气，由眼前的离别悬想济州的风土情况。
尾联“纵有归来日，各愁年鬓侵”则又进一步表示自己负罪不轻，正当年少，却远愁年鬓之改，邈无归期，慨叹转深。
全诗充分反映了王维对此次获罪被贬的打击心有余悸，然而又并非完全心灰意冷的心情。
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陆龟蒙《
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新沙》
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常建《
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三日寻李九庄》
王维简介
唐代·王维的简介
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王维（701年－761年，一说699年—761年），字摩诘，汉族，河东蒲州（今山西运城）人，祖籍山西祁县，唐朝诗人，有“诗佛”之称。苏轼评价其：“味摩诘之诗，诗中有画；观摩诘之画，画中有诗。”开元九年（721年）中进士，任太乐丞。王维是盛唐诗人的代表，今存诗400余首，重要诗作有《相思》《山居秋暝》等。王维精通佛学，受禅宗影响很大。佛教有一部《维摩诘经》，是王维名和字的由来。王维诗书画都很有名，非常多才多艺，音乐也很精通。与孟浩然合称“王孟”。
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