芄兰
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两汉]：佚名
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芄兰之支，童子佩觿。虽则佩觿，能不我知。容兮遂兮，垂带悸兮。
芄兰之叶，童子佩韘。虽则佩韘，能不我甲。容兮遂兮，垂带悸兮。
芄兰译文及注释
译文
芄兰枝上结尖夹，小小童子佩角锥。虽然你已佩角锥，但不解我情旖旎。走起路来慢悠悠，摇摇摆摆大带垂。
芄兰枝上叶弯弯，小小童子佩戴韘。虽然你已佩戴韘，但不跟得来亲近。走起路来慢悠悠，摇摇摆摆大带垂。
注释
芄（wán）兰：兰草名，一名萝藦，亦名女青，蔓生，断之有白汁，嫩者可食，荚实倒垂如锥形。
支：借作“枝”。
觿（xī）：用兽骨制成的解结用具，形同锥，似羊角，也可为装饰品。本为成人佩饰。童子佩戴，是成人的象征。
能：乃，于是。一说“宁”“岂”。知：智，一说“接”。
容、遂：舒缓悠闲之貌。一说容为佩刀，遂为佩玉。
悸：本为心动，这里形容带下垂、摆动貌。
韘（shè）：用玉或象骨制的钩弦用具，著于右手拇指，射箭时用于钩弦拉弓，即扳指。
甲（xiá）：借作“狎”，戏，亲昵。一说长也。
参考资料：
1、姜亮夫 等．先秦诗鉴赏辞典．上海：上海辞书出版社，1998：122-123
2、王秀梅 译注．诗经（上）：国风．北京：中华书局，2015：125-126
芄兰创作背景
有关此诗背景的说法很多，一谓刺诗，汉《毛诗序》说：“《芄兰》，刺惠公也，骄而无礼，大夫刺之。”元刘玉汝《诗缵绪》说：“愚意卫人之赋此，毋亦叹卫国小学之教不讲欤？”今人高亨等则以为是刺童子早婚。程俊英《诗经注析》则认为“这是一首讽刺贵族少年的诗”。
参考资料：
1、姜亮夫 等．先秦诗鉴赏辞典．上海：上海辞书出版社，1998：122-123
2、王秀梅 译注．诗经（上）：国风．北京：中华书局，2015：125-126
芄兰鉴赏
此诗两章开篇都以“芄兰”枝叶起兴，描述女诗人眼中“童子”的年幼无知。因为芄兰的荚实与觽都是锥形，很相像，故诗人触景生情，产生联想。这位女诗人与诗中的“童子”，可能是青梅竹马，两小无猜，关系非常亲密。可是，自从“童子”佩带觽、套上韘以来，对自己的态度却冷淡了。觽本是解结的用具，男子佩觽并没有严格年龄限制，与行冠礼不同。据《礼记·内则》记载：“子事父母，左佩小觽，右佩大觽。”《说苑·修文篇》也说“能治烦决乱者佩觽”，故毛传谓觽是“成人之佩”，佩韘则表示“能射御”。当时，贵族男子佩觽佩韘标志着对内已有能力主家，侍奉父母；对外已有能力从政，治事习武。正因为如此，所以诗中的“童子”一旦佩觽佩韘，便觉得自己是真正男子汉了，一下子稳重老成了许多。这本来是很正常的，可是这一变化，在那多情的女诗人眼里，不过是装模作样假正经罢了，实际他还是以前那个“顽童”。最使她恼怒的是，本来他们在一起无拘无束，亲昵得很，而现在他却对自己疏远了，冷落了。因而“童子”的日常言行举止乃至垂下的腰带，无一不惹她生气，看了极不顺眼，甚而觉得这一切都是故意做给她看的。尽管他“容兮遂兮”，处处显示出一副成熟男子的模样，而她偏要口口声声唤他“童子”。“童子”的称呼，正包含着她似娇还嗔的情态，从这一嘲讽揶揄中不难察觉她“怨”中寓“爱”的绵绵情意。
全诗两章重叠，实际只有三个字不同，寥寥数语，就把“童子”态度的变化及姑娘的恼怒心理描摹出来了。这是诗经中惯用的复沓的手法，用以强调本意，诉说“童子”的不解风情。每章前四句一韵，后两句一韵，从乐歌的角度考察，后两句大约是附歌。
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佚名《
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荡》
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佚名《
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鹑之奔奔》
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