满江红·赤壁怀古
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宋代]:戴复古
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赤壁矶头,一番过、一番怀古。想当时,周郎年少,气吞区宇。万骑临江貔虎噪,千艘列炬鱼龙怒。卷长波、一鼓困曹瞒,今如许?
江上渡,江边路。形胜地,兴亡处。览遗踪,胜读史书言语。几度东风吹世换,千年往事随潮去。问道傍、杨柳为谁春,摇金缕。
满江红·赤壁怀古译文及注释
译文
每经过一次赤壁矶就引发一次怀古心绪。想当年,周瑜意气风发,一心吞并环宇。万骑临江,鼓声震天;在千艘列炬的拼搏中,那些潜居江中的鱼龙因为受到战火的影响都变得怒不可遏。水面上卷起了长长的火龙,在鼓角声中,孙刘联军围困住了曹操。现在又怎样呢?
江上渡口,江边小路,全是地形险要的战略要地,是当年众雄生死争斗的地方。今天我在此凭吊古迹,自己得到的深切感受,胜过读历史书籍。东风吹,光景移,已经改朝换代无数次了,历史的往事随江潮而i折。问道旁的杨柳年年为谁而春,为谁摇动金黄的枝条。
注释
赤壁矶:即黄州赤壁。
周郎:指赤壁大战吴蜀联军的统帅周瑜。
区宇:即寰(huán)宇,宇宙。
万骑:借指孙刘联军。
貅(xiū)虎:猛兽,指军队,勇士。
列炬(jù):猛烈的火炬。列,同烈,火势猛。
鱼龙怒:潜蛰在深水中的鱼龙类水族因受到战火威胁而怒。这是侧面写战争场面的惊心动魄。
卷长波:水面上卷起了长长的火龙。
曹瞒(mán):指曹操,曹操小名叫阿瞒。
今如许:如今又怎么样呢
形胜地:地形险要的战略要地。
兴亡处:当年众雄生死争斗的地方。
傍:同旁。
春:春色,此用如动词。
金缕(lǚ):指嫩黄色的柳条。化用白居易《杨柳枝词》:“一树春风千万枝,嫩于金色软于丝。”
参考资料:
1、傅德岷,卢晋.《宋词鉴赏辞典》:长江出版社,2011年4月第2版:第269页
2、陈长喜主编.中国历代词曲赏读 (下册):天津古籍出版社,2007年09月第1版:第453页
3、张傲飞编,唐诗鉴赏辞典 . 宋词鉴赏辞典:高等教育出版社,2011.06:第785页
满江红·赤壁怀古创作背景
《满江红·赤壁怀古》写于1219年左右(宋宁宗嘉定十二年),作者这时正在鄂州、黄州一带漫游,黄城州外有赤壁矾,又名赤鼻矾,传说是三国战场,词人过此,也难免不发思古之念,故写了这篇赤壁怀古。
参考资料:
1、陈长喜主编.中国历代词曲赏读 (下册):天津古籍出版社,2007年09月第1版:第452页
满江红·赤壁怀古鉴赏
这首词,风格豪迈,苍劲有力,在自然朴素的描写中,不时有浓重之笔与用力之笔出现,平淡之中见奇伟。清人纪昀十分欣赏这首词,觉得它的豪壮之气并不逊于苏东坡。
上片开头说“赤壁矶头,一番过、一番怀古。”与苏轼的“大江东去,浪淘尽千古风流人物”相比,复古词显得起势平淡,远不如苏词的气势雄伟;但戴词以朴素的叙述入题,倒也显得自然轻快。苏词中的周瑜形象,着墨较多,形象较鲜明;复古词写周郎,仅写他“气吞区宇”的英雄气概,别是一种写法。对赤壁大战场面的描绘,苏轼仅有“谈笑间、樯橹灰飞烟灭”一句;复古词则用浓墨重采,极力渲染气氛,艺术地再现这一惊心动魂的大战。“万骑临江貔虎噪,千艘列炬鱼龙怒”两句,用精工的对偶句,把战争的场面表现得淋漓尽致,生动、贴切地描绘出吴蜀联军的高昂士气,写出了火攻曹军时的翻江倒海之势。“貔虎”本指猛兽,比喻勇猛的军队。“鱼龙”指潜蛰江中的水族动物,杜甫《秋兴》诗有“鱼龙寂寞秋江冷”之句,在千艘列炬的大拼搏中,那些潜居江中的鱼龙,再也不会感到孤独,它们因为受到战火的威胁而感到怒不可当了。“卷长波、一鼓困曹瞒”句,刻画出波澜壮阔的中流水战,气势磅礴,与“谈笑间、樯橹灰飞烟灭”有异曲同工之妙,传神地描绘出曹军崩溃之快,周瑜取胜之速。词写到这里,陡然转折,用“今如许”三字提出问题:现在又怎样呢?这转折一问,问得很好,感慨苍茫,意味深厚。南渡之后,国势一日不如一日,复古将大半生目击心伤的国事,全含在这一问句中。
下片“江上渡,江边路。形胜地,兴亡处”数句,写赤壁矶附近的山川形胜,迫怀赤壁之战的遗迹。词人认为建安十三年发生在这里的一次战斗,是两军决定存亡的一次战斗。如今看到这些遗迹,自己得到的深切感受,真胜过读历史书籍。下面又将话题一转,抒写词人忧国伤时的感慨:“几度春风吹世换,千年往事随潮去”。东风吹,光景移,由三国至今,改朝换代的事已经发生不只一次了,历史的往事已经随江潮而逝去,这是历史的规律。千古风流人物,也随着滚滚东流的长江而流逝了,现在又有谁能收拾祖国残破的山河啊!下片的结穴处,词人向道旁杨柳发问:问道旁杨柳在为谁生春,为谁摇动金色的柳条。言下之意是,由于自己感时伤世,面对“春风杨柳万千条”的美景,再也无心观赏了。这与杜甫的《哀江头》“江头宫殿锁千门,细柳新蒲为谁绿”以及姜夔《扬州慢》结穴处的“念桥边红药,年年知为谁生”是同一种手法,都是以无心观赏美景来抒写作者的时代感伤。
当然,苏轼是宋代一代词坛巨匠,后人再写《赤壁怀古》,要想获得读者的赞许,的确有些困难,戴复古写这阕词,也难免有望洋生叹的感觉。
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史达祖《
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满江红·中秋夜潮》
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史达祖《
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满江红·中秋夜潮》
戴复古简介
唐代·戴复古的简介
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戴复古(1167—?))南宋著名江湖派诗人。字式之,常居南塘石屏山,故自号石屏、石屏樵隐。天台黄岩(今属浙江台州)人。一生不仕,浪游江湖,后归家隐居,卒年八十余。曾从陆游学诗,作品受晚唐诗风影响,兼具江西诗派风格。部分作品抒发爱国思想,反映人民疾苦,具有现实意义。
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正月四日喜许氏女得甥
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明代:
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沈周
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汝寡无丁男,托命惟一女。活世真废人,盲瘖无乃是。
今年女有育,正月利弧矢。乃是四日生,六日方闻喜。
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桃源县送颜以仁回鼎城
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明代:
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魏观
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层阿递流云,繁树散初旭。之子送我来,我送之子复。
既上辰州船,犹闻武陵曲。江空岁云暮,离思泫盈掬。