出塞二首
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唐代]：王昌龄
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秦时明月汉时关，万里长征人未还。
城头铁鼓声犹振，匣里金刀血未干。
出塞二首译文及注释
译文
依旧是秦汉时期的明月和边关，守边御敌鏖战万里征人未回还。
倘若攻袭龙城的卫青和飞将军李广而今健在，绝不许匈奴南下牧马度过阴山。
将军刚跨上配了白玉鞍的宝马出战，战斗结束后战场上只剩下凄凉的月色。
城头上的战鼓还在旷野里震荡回响，将军刀匣里的宝刀上的血迹仍然没干。
注释
1.但使：只要。
2.龙城飞将：《汉书·卫青霍去病传》载，元光六年（前129年），卫青为车骑将军，出上谷，至笼城，斩首虏数百。笼城，颜师古注曰：“笼”与“龙”同。龙城飞将指的是卫青奇袭龙城的事情。其中，有人认为龙城飞将中飞将指的是汉飞将军李广，龙城是唐代的卢龙城（卢龙城就是汉代的李广练兵之地，在今河北省喜峰口附近一带，为汉代右北平郡所在地），纵观李广一生主要的时间都在抗击匈奴，防止匈奴掠边，其中每次匈奴重点进攻的汉地天子几乎都是派遣李广为太守，所以这种说法也不无道理。
3.不教：不叫，不让。教，让。
4.胡马：指侵扰内地的外族骑兵。
5.度：越过。在漫长的边防线上，战争一直没有停止过，去边防线打仗的战士也还没有回来。要是攻袭龙城的大将军卫青和飞将军李广今天还依然健在，绝不会让敌人的军队翻过阴山。
6.阴山：昆仑山的北支，起自河套西北，横贯绥远、察哈尔及热河北部，是中国北方的屏障。
7.骝马：黑鬣黑尾巴的红马，骏马的一种。新：刚刚。
8.沙场：指战场。
9.震：响。
参考资料：
1、张国举 等．唐诗精华注译评．长春：长春出版社，2010：87-88
出塞二首创作背景
《出塞》是王昌龄早年赴西域时所做，《出塞》是乐府旧题。组诗的第二首，《全唐诗》同时也录入李白诗作下，作《从军行》或《行军》。但《李白全集校注汇释集评》没有《军行》一首。历来对此诗真实作者存有不同意见。
出塞二首鉴赏
其一
这是一首慨叹边战不断，国无良将的边塞。
诗从写景入手。首句“秦时明月汉时关”七个字，即展现出一幅壮阔的图画：一轮明月，照耀着边疆关塞。诗人只用大笔勾勒，不作细致描绘，却恰好显示了边疆的寥廓和景物的萧条，渲染出孤寂、苍凉的气氛。尤为奇妙的是，诗人在“月”和“关”的前面，用“秦汉时”三字加以修饰，使这幅月临关塞图，变成了时间中的图画，给万里边关赋予了悠久的历史感。这是诗人对长期的边塞战争作了深刻思考而产生的“神来之笔”。
面对这样的景象，边人触景生情，自然联想起秦汉以来无数献身边疆、至死未归的人们。“万里长GREn/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>征人未还”，又从空间角度点明边塞的遥远。这里的“人”，既是指已经战死的士卒，也指还在戍守不能回归的士卒。“人未还”，一是说明边防不巩固，二是对士卒表示同情。这本是一个问题的两个方面，前者是因，后者是果。这是从秦到汉乃至于唐代，都没有解决的大问题。于是在第三、四两句，诗人给出了回答。
“但使龙城飞将在，不教胡马度阴山”两句，融抒情与议论为一体，直接杆发戍边战士巩固边防的愿望和保卫国家的壮志，洋溢着爱国激情和民族自豪感。写得气势豪迈，铿锵有力。同时，这两句又语带讽刺，表现了诗人对朝廷GREn/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>用人不当和将帅腐败无能的不满。有弦外之音，使人寻味无穷。
这首诗虽然只有短短四行，但是通过对边疆景物和GREn/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>征人心理的描绘，表现的内容是复杂的。既有对久戍士卒的浓厚同情和结束这种边防不顾局面的愿望；又流露了对朝廷不能选贤任能的不满，同时又以大局为重，认识到战争的正义性，因而个人利益服从国家安全的需要，发出了“不教胡马度阴山”的誓言，洋溢着爱国激情。
诗人并没有对边塞风光进行细致的描绘，他只是选取了征戍生活中的一个典型画面来揭示士卒的内心世界。景物描写只是用来刻划人物思想感情的一种手段，汉关秦月，无不是融情入景，浸透了人物的感情色彩。把复杂的内容熔铸在四行诗里，深沉含蓄，耐人寻味。
其二
这首诗描写了一惊心动魄的战斗刚刚结束的情景。枣红马刚刚装上白玉装饰的马鞍，战士就骑着它出发了。战斗结束的时候天已经很晚，战场上只留下寒冷的月光。城头上催战的鼓声仍在旷野上回荡，刀鞘里的钢刀血迹未干。诗人用寥寥数笔，就把将士们的英武气概，胜利者的神态生动地描绘出来。
骅骝骏马，是再好不过的马了，还要给它配上再美不过的白玉鞍桥，可以想见这马上骑手的威风。这英武的骑士是手持“金刀”（即金错刀）奋战沙场的。这骑士披一身月色，顶凛冽寒风，鏖战而归。但他全副精神仍沉浸在烟尘滚滚的沙场，那咚咚的进击鼓声还响彻耳畔。这风度轩昂、勇武不凡、充满自信的骑士，就是诗人心目中唐军将官的形象，也是诗人矢志抗敌、无时无刻不意欲拼搏战场的心灵写照。“城头铁鼓声犹震，匣里金刀血未干。”这实在是一个坚定的爱国者从耿耿赤心发出的雄壮的呐喊，也分明寄寓着诗人的殷切希望。
这首诗抒写自信、进取、开拓为特征的传统尚武精神，风格刚健、清新。诗人描写战争的胜利，不在于字面，而在于构成一种气氛。诗歌选取战斗生活的一个片段，以“骝马”“沙场”“铁鼓”“金刀”等战争意象串成一系列战斗生活的画面，战斗的激烈与战场的肃杀尽在其中。诗头“新跨”一词将战士风风火火、迎接战斗的激情表达得淋漓尽致，而诗尾以“血未干”这样一幅看似血腥的场景描写战士的内心——热血并未因为战斗的结束而冷却。这种激烈肃杀的气氛，生动地表现出战士的飒爽英姿和激昂振奋的风貌。
作者在这首诗中抓住战斗刚刚结束的场面加以描写，塑造了一个英姿飒爽、勇猛善战的将军形象，热情地歌颂了将士们为国杀敌立功的勇敢精神。
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上一首：
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李贺《
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马诗二十三首·其五》
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下一首：
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张蠙《
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登单于台》
王昌龄简介
唐代·王昌龄的简介
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王昌龄 (698— 756），字少伯，河东晋阳（今山西太原）人。盛唐著名边塞诗人，后人誉为“七绝圣手”。早年贫贱，困于农耕，年近不惑，始中进士。初任秘书省校书郎，又中博学宏辞，授汜水尉，因事贬岭南。与李白、高适、王维、王之涣、岑参等交厚。开元末返长安，改授江宁丞。被谤谪龙标尉。安史乱起，为刺史闾丘所杀。其诗以七绝见长，尤以登第之前赴西北边塞所作边塞诗最著，有“诗家夫子王江宁”之誉（亦有“诗家天子王江宁”的说法）。
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边元鼎
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凤纸衔封玉镜台，绣鸾传记已相猜。倾城笑脸千金样，莫对閒人一例开。
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景州城外
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：
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俞得鲤
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曲路重关小有天，招招酒旆解留仙。荒城古塔凌霄汉，古树层台薄晚烟。
灯火前街人似沸，鸡声寒店夜如年。千般总是征途味，留得霜华到鬓边。
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春日郊居
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明代：
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何其伟
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出郭愁真破，探春意独偏。乾坤风物外，消息杏花前。
野竹连荒径，娇莺掠舞筵。郊空呈万汇，幽兴亦悠然。
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秋声八咏用杜公部秋兴八首韵
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清代：
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徐宗干
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峰峦一抹衬秋晖，古木萧疏露翠微。猿抱悬崖千丈啸，鸦栖落叶半天飞。
梵音泉石心思彻，诗境匡庐面目违。绝顶百围吟远籁，尚留红树带霜肥。