登单于台
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唐代]：张蠙
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沙翻痕似浪，风急响疑雷。
欲向阴关度，阴关晓不开。
登单于台译文及注释
译文
春日里无战事士兵都已返回，我独自一个人登上了单于台。
白炽的太阳从大地内部升起，奔腾的黄河从远天之外涌来。
黄沙翻滚纹痕好似大海波浪，狂风呼啸响声疑是平地生雷。
很想跨越阴山关隘看个究竟，阴山关隘虽已天亮门户不开。
注释
单（chán）于台：在今内蒙古自治区呼和浩特市西，相传汉武帝曾率兵登临此台。
边兵：守卫边疆的士兵。
地中出：从平地升起。
沙翻：沙随风翻滚。
响疑雷：响声如同雷鸣。
阴关：阴山山脉中的关隘。阴山是汉代防御匈奴的屏障，绵亘今内蒙古自治区。
参考资料：
1、邓绍基．新编唐诗三百首：大连出版社，1990：316
2、张国举．唐诗精华注译评：长春出版社，2010：840
登单于台创作背景
关于这首诗的创作背景，辛文房《唐才子传》载：“疑《登单于台》及《蓟北书事》诸诗，皆系落第时北游燕云边地之作，至早亦应作于年轻时。《郡斋读书志》所载恐误。”则这首诗很可能是作者张蠙（pín）早年游塞外，观黄河，望阴山有感而作。
参考资料：
1、陈增杰．唐人律诗笺注集评：浙江古籍出版社，2003：1150
登单于台鉴赏
张蠙早年曾游塞外，写了不少边塞诗。单于台，在今内蒙古自治区呼和浩特市西，相传汉武帝曾率兵登临此台。这首诗，描写边塞风光，语句浑朴，境界开阔，虽出于晚唐诗人之手，却很有些“盛唐气象”。
首联是全诗总领。“春”字和“独”字，看似出于无心，实则十分着力。春日兵回，边关平静无事，乃有登台览物之逸兴；虽曰春日，下文却了无春色，更显出塞外的荒凉。独上高台，凝思注目，突出诗人超然独立的形象。
一轮白日，跃出平地，写它喷薄而上的动态；千里黄河，天外飞来，写它源远流长的形象；“白日”、“黄河”对举，又在寥廓苍茫之中给人以壮丽多彩的感觉。白日出于地中而非山顶，黄河来自天外而非天上，一切都落在视平线下，皆因身在高台之上的缘故。
颈联继续写景。两句比喻，牢牢把握住居高临下的特点：居高，所以风急，所以风如雷响，惊心动魄；临下，才见沙痕，才见沙似浪翻，历历在目。不说“如雷”而说“疑雷”，传神地写出诗人细辨风声的惊喜情态。而白日、黄河、沙浪、风声，从远到近，自下而上，构成一幅有色彩、有动态、有音响的立体图画，把边塞风光，写得势阔声宏，莽莽苍苍之至。尤其是“白日地中出，黄河天外来”一联，语句浑朴，境界辽阔，学盛唐而能造出新境，很为后人激赏。
尾联写诗人从单于台上向北眺望阴山，那是汉代防御匈奴的天然屏障。诗人很想到阴山那边去看看，但见那起伏连绵的阴山，雄关似铁，虽然天已大亮，门户却紧闭不开，无法通行。
诗人分明看到横断前路的不可逾越的阻障，于是，激越慷慨的高吟大唱，一变而为徒唤奈何的颓唐之音。诗到晚唐，纵使歌咏壮阔雄奇的塞外风物，也难得有盛唐时代那蓬蓬勃勃的朝气了。
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上一首：
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王昌龄《
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出塞二首》
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下一首：
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张说《
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幽州夜饮》
张蠙简介
唐代·张蠙的简介
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[约公元九o一年前后在世]字象文，清河人。生卒年均不详，约唐哀帝天复初前后在世。生而颖秀，幼能为诗登单于台，有“白日地中出，黄河天上来”名，由是知名。家贫累下第，留滞长安。乾宁二年，（公元895年）登进士第。唐懿宗咸通（860-874）年间，与许棠、张乔、郑谷等合称“咸通十哲”。授校书郎，调栎阳尉，迁犀浦令。五建建蜀国，拜膳部员外郎。后为金堂令。
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