菩萨蛮·黄云紫塞三千里
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清代]:纳兰性德
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黄云紫塞三千里,女墙西畔啼乌起。落日万山寒,萧萧猎马还。
笳声听不得,入夜空城黑。秋梦不归家,残灯落碎花。
菩萨蛮·黄云紫塞三千里译文及注释
译文
莽莽几千里的边塞,女墙一路延绵。黄昏之时,无数乌鸦的啼音滴落在城墙西畔。夕阳收拢最后一丝光热,落入西山。远处的群山被暮色清寒笼罩,天光暗沉下来。此时可见猎队回归,马鸣萧萧响彻耳际。
入夜时分,便有人吹响胡笳。秋夜瑟瑟,笳声凄凄切切不堪听。不堪听,还生愁。他是身处异乡的人。愁绪会带来无端的空寂之感,遁入无尽的黑暗后又重新和着夜色将他包裹。梦里不归家,离别有多苦,这一夜,他怕是又要彻夜不眠。一盏残灯相伴幽怀,灯花泪水两簌簌。
注释
菩萨蛮:词牌名,双调,四十四字。从唐代开始有作品出现,原为女蛮国的乐曲,开元、天宝(713—756)年间传入中国。
黄云:指边塞之云。紫塞:原指长城,此泛指边塞。崔豹《古今注·都邑》:“秦筑长城,土色皆紫。汉塞亦然,故称紫塞焉。”
女墙:城墙上呈凹凸状的短墙。出自刘禹锡《金陵五题·石头城》:“淮水东边旧时月,夜深还过女墙来。”
萧萧:马嘶声。
茄(jīa):胡笳。
落碎花:灯花掉落。出自戎昱《桂州腊夜》:“晓角分残漏,孤灯落碎花。”
参考资料:
1、(清)纳兰性德著.一片幽情冷处浓:纳兰词:人民文学出版社,2009.11:第16页
菩萨蛮·黄云紫塞三千里创作背景
这首词作于妻子卢氏病故后,词人秋天随康熙帝巡近边时。词人离家来到边塞,千里之隔,使他生出思乡之情。身处千里之外,这深秋的梦也不能带他回到家乡,孤寂与脆弱袒露无疑,于是创作了这首词抒发满心愁绪。
参考资料:
1、张菊玲,李红雨著.纳兰词新解:北京十月文艺出版社,2014.10,:第171页
菩萨蛮·黄云紫塞三千里鉴赏
上片描绘边塞黄昏苍凉的秋色。首二句以如椽之笔写景,不胜开阔,直追盛唐边塞诗。单看之,无丝毫狭小局促、落落寡欢之感,谓词人被边塞特有的秋景深深吸引,亦无不可。接下是“落日万山寒,萧萧猎马还”,豪壮大气不改,初添萧索苍茫之感。上片四句,连而读之,自是一幅流动的画面:近有城墙两边的“啼乌”,远则是落日与群山,在红红的落日与苍莽的群山的衬托中,又有猎马飞驰而来。词中的景,有声、有色、有动、有静,把边塞景色的特点,完全体现出来了。
下片是描绘入夜之景和抒发思乡之情。塞上本来就多悲凉之意,与词人的远戍之苦、思家之心,融合在一起,当胡笳吹起时,那呜呜的声音,使边地的开阔誊和词人的惊异感顿然消失,充溢着的是一片悲凉的情调,词人的心情也随之沉重起来。所以词人说“笳声听不得”,因此整片词的词情在微微的灰白之后,忽然黯淡起来。而“空城黑”三字,又为词境增加了些许荒漠凄凉之意。这两句在肃杀中寓悲凉,展现出词人已经蓄满的感情,直至引出末二句。“秋梦不归家”是抒情,是感叹,道出了深蕴的悲怆孤独的思乡之情。“残灯落碎花”是写眼前实景,诗人“归家”而不得,希冀于梦中,又不能入睡,就只能在“残灯”独坐了。末二句将词人的思乡梦不成与眼前的残灯结合,簌簌而落的灯花又何尝不是词人心碎的隐喻,一个“落”字而境界全出。
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纳兰性德《
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浣溪沙·身向云山那畔行》
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岑参《
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首秋轮台》
纳兰性德简介
唐代·纳兰性德的简介
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纳兰性德(1655-1685),满洲人,字容若,号楞伽山人,清代最著名词人之一。其诗词“纳兰词”在清代以至整个中国词坛上都享有很高的声誉,在中国文学史上也占有光采夺目的一席。他生活于满汉融合时期,其贵族家庭兴衰具有关联于王朝国事的典型性。虽侍从帝王,却向往经历平淡。特殊的生活环境背景,加之个人的超逸才华,使其诗词创作呈现出独特的个性和鲜明的艺术风格。流传至今的《木兰花令·拟古决绝词》——“人生若只如初见,何事秋风悲画扇?等闲变却故人心,却道故人心易变。”富于意境,是其众多代表作之一。
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