出塞词
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唐代]：马戴
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卷旗夜劫单于帐，乱斫胡兵缺宝刀。
出塞词译文及注释
译文
扎紧战袍，系上红缨大刀，打马前行，雪夜度过洮水河。
旗子高扬，连夜冲入单于帐内，砍杀胡兵，宝刀都残缺破损了。
注释
金带：大刀柄上系的红绸子。连环：一种刀。束：捆。
临洮（táo）：古县名，在今甘肃省岷县，以临洮水得名，在临河沿岸。
卷（juǎn）旗：指急行军，军旗高高飘扬。
劫：劫持，冲杀。
斫：读zhuó，砍。缺：破损。
出塞词创作背景
唐王朝深受西、北少数民族特别是吐蕃君主的侵扰之苦，唐军也不时出击，攻占对方土地。公元八四六年以后，吐蕃内部分裂，接着蕃、汉两族人民起义，赶走吐蕃守将，唐军也伺机进攻，收复大片土地。此诗便作于这一时期，反映了当时这一时期的情况。
参考资料：
1、房开江 潘中心编．唐人绝句五百首：贵州人民出版社，1981年01月第1版
出塞词鉴赏
这首诗犹如一幅出征图，给人以强烈的感召力。
“金带连环柬战袍，马头冲雪度临洮。”这两句写全副武装的将士们出征杀敌。上句写军中将领的装束。诗人不说其头盔铠甲，也不说其长短兵器，只言其腰带，色为金色，质为金属，紧束腰间，提携战袍，仅此一句，就写出一个英武将军的雄姿。下句写骑兵部队出征突出的场景。从“马头冲雪”四字看出，大雪纷飞，唐军赴战之艰辛，骑兵队列，奔腾如潮，直赴敌阵，透出此战必胜的勃勃雄心。
“卷旗夜劫单于帐，乱斫胡儿缺宝刀。”这两句写夜袭敌军营的情景。上句的一“劫”字，写出唐军将士在军旗率领下，直捣敌军最高统帅的营帐，大有出其不意，石破天惊之感，表现了唐军作战的机智和勇敢。“卷旗”，表明将军旗卷在旗杆上，悄然指向敌军兵帐；“夜袭”，是说这次战斗是实行的夜间突袭，看出这场战斗是出其不意，奔袭敌营。下句写唐军闯进匈奴兵营，挥刀舞剑，东杀西砍，敌人只有招架之功，没有还手之力。这句把诗的激情推向高潮。一“乱”字写出唐军与敌作战的情景，见敌就杀，将宝刀左右挥舞，写出将士饱满的战斗精神。一“缺”字非常传神，写出唐军因砍杀敌兵过多，刀剑竟然为之缺豁卷刃，表明与敌人战斗的激烈和惨重。
这首诗除具有一般边塞诗那种激越的诗情和奔腾的气势外，还很注重语言的精美，并善于在雄壮的场面中插入细节的描写，酝酿诗情，勾勒形象，因此全诗神定气足，含蓄不尽，形成独特的艺术风格。
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李白《
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从军行·其二》
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王维《
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陇头吟》
马戴简介
唐代·马戴的简介
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马戴（799—869），字虞臣，唐定州曲阳（今江苏省东海县）人。晚唐时期著名诗人。
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