潼关吏
[
Warning: Use of undefined constant tname - assumed 'tname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/xjisuan.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 93
唐代]：杜甫
Warning: Use of undefined constant smalltext - assumed 'smalltext' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/xjisuan.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 116
士卒何草草，筑城潼关道。
大城铁不如，小城万丈余。
借问潼关吏：修关还备胡？
要我下马行，为我指山隅：
连云列战格，飞鸟不能逾。
胡来但自守，岂复忧西都。
丈人视要处，窄狭容单车。
艰难奋长戟，万古用一夫。
哀哉桃林战，百万化为鱼。
请嘱防关将，慎勿学哥舒！
潼关吏译文及注释
译文
士卒劳役是多么劳苦艰辛，在潼关要道筑城。
大城比铁还要坚固，小城依山而筑，高达万丈。
请问潼关吏：你们重新修筑潼关是为了防御叛军吗？
潼关吏邀请我下马步行，为我指着山隅为我介绍情况：
“那些防御工事高耸入云端，即使飞鸟也不能越逾。
胡贼来犯只要据守即可，又何必担心西都长安呢。
您看这个要害的地方，狭窄到只能一辆车子通过。
在战事紧急时挥动兵器拒守，真是‘一夫当关万夫莫开”呀。”
“令人哀痛的是桃林塞那一败仗，唐军死伤极多，惨死黄河。
请嘱咐守关诸将领，千万别蹈哥舒翰仓促应战的覆辙。”
注释
潼关：在华州华阴县东北，因关西一里有潼水而得名。
草草：疲劳不堪之貌。何：多么
大城铁不如，小城万丈余：上句言坚，下句言高。城在山上故曰万丈余。
备胡：指防备安史叛军。
要：同“邀”，邀请。
连云列战格：自此句以下八句是关吏的答话。连云言其高，战格即战栅，栅栏形的防御工事。
西都：与东都对称，指长安。
丈人：关吏对杜甫的尊称。
艰难：战事紧急之时。奋：挥动。
桃林，即桃林塞，指河南灵宝县以西至潼关一带的地方。
哥舒：即哥舒翰。
参考资料：
1、萧涤非 ．杜甫诗选注 ．北京 ：人民文学出版社 ，1998 ：110-111 ．
2、于海娣 等 ．唐诗鉴赏大全集 ．北京 ：中国华侨出版社 ，2010 ：171-172 ．
潼关吏创作背景
此诗作于唐肃宗乾元二年（759年）。诗题下有小注：“安禄山兵北，哥舒翰请守潼关，明皇听杨国忠言，力趣出兵，翰抚膺恸哭，而出兵至灵宝潼关遂失守。”
参考资料：
1、彭定求 等 ．全唐诗（上） ．上海 ：上海古籍出版社 ，1986 ：517 ．
2、萧涤非 ．杜甫诗选注 ．北京 ：人民文学出版社 ，1998 ：110-111 ．
3、于海娣 等 ．唐诗鉴赏大全集 ．北京 ：中国华侨出版社 ，2010 ：171-172 ．
潼关吏鉴赏
此诗开头四句可以说是对筑城的士兵和潼关关防的总写。漫漫潼关道上，无数的士卒在辛勤地修筑工事。“草草”，劳苦的样子。前面加一“何”字，更流露出诗人无限赞叹的心情。放眼四望，沿着起伏的山势而筑的大小城墙，既高峻又牢固，显示出一种威武的雄姿。这里大城小城应作互文来理解。一开篇杜甫就用简括的诗笔写出唐军加紧修筑潼关所给予他的总印象。
“借问潼关吏：‘修关还备胡？’”这两句引出了“潼关吏”。胡，即指安史叛军。“修关”何为，其实杜甫是不须问而自明的。这里故意发问。而且又有一个“还”字，暗暗带出了三年前潼关曾经失守一事，从而引起人们对这次潼关防卫效能的关心与悬念。这对于开拓下文，是带关键性的一笔。
接下来，应该是潼关吏的回答了。可是他似乎并不急于作答，却“要（邀）我下马行，为我指山隅”。从结构上看，这是在两段对话中插入一段叙述，笔姿无呆滞之感。然而，更主要的是这两句暗承了“修关还备胡”。杜甫忧心忡忡，而那位潼关吏看来对所筑工事充满了信心。他可能以为这个问题不必靠解释，口说不足为信，还是请下马来细细看一下吧。下面八句，都是潼关吏的话，他首先指看高耸的山峦说：“瞧，那层层战栅，高接云天，连鸟也难以飞越。敌兵来了，只要坚决自守，何须再担心长安的安危呢！”语调轻松而自豪，可以想象，关吏说话时因富有信心而表现出的神采。他又兴致勃勃地邀请杜甫察看最险要处：老丈，您看那山口要冲，狭窄得只能容单车通过。真是一夫当关，万夫莫开。这八句，“神情声口俱活”（浦起龙《读杜心解》），不只是关吏简单的介绍，更主要的是表现了一种“胡来但自守”的决心和“艰难奋长戟”的气概。而这虽然是通过官吏之口讲出来的，却反映了守关将士昂扬的斗志。
紧接关吏的话头，诗人却没有赞语，而是一番深深的感慨。因为诗人并没有忘记“前车之覆”。三年前，占据了洛阳的安禄山派兵攻打潼关，当时守将哥舒翰本拟坚守，但为杨国忠所疑忌。在杨国忠的怂恿下，唐玄宗派宦官至潼关督战。哥舒翰不得已领兵出战，结果全军覆没，许多将士被淹死在黄河里。睹今思昔，杜甫余哀未尽，深深觉得要特别注意吸取上次失败的教训，避免重蹈覆辙。“请嘱防关将，慎勿学哥舒。”“慎”字意味深长，它并非简单地指责哥舒翰的无能或失策，而是深刻地触及了多方面的历史教训，表现了诗人久久难以消磨的沉痛悲愤之感。
与“三别”通篇作人物独白不同，“三吏”是夹带问答的。而此篇的对话又具有自己的特点。首先是在对话的安排上，缓急有致，表现了不同人物的心理和神态。“修关还备胡”，是诗人的问话，然而关吏却不急答，这一“缓”，使人可以感觉到关吏胸有成竹。关吏的话一结束，诗人马上表示了心中的忧虑，这一“急”，更显示出对历史教训的痛心。其次，对话中神情毕现，形象鲜明。关吏的答话并无刻意造奇之感，而守关的唐军却给读者留下一种坚韧不拔、英勇沉着的印象。其中“艰难奋长戟，万古用一夫”两句又格外精警突出，塑造出犹如战神式的英雄形象，具有精神鼓舞的力量。
Warning: Use of undefined constant id - assumed 'id' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/xjisuan.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 169
Warning: Use of undefined constant islast - assumed 'islast' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/xjisuan.com/e/class/t_functions.php on line 296
Warning: Use of undefined constant tbname - assumed 'tbname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/xjisuan.com/e/class/t_functions.php on line 305
Warning: Use of undefined constant modid - assumed 'modid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/xjisuan.com/e/class/t_functions.php on line 306
Warning: Use of undefined constant yhid - assumed 'yhid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/xjisuan.com/e/class/t_functions.php on line 307
Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/xjisuan.com/e/class/t_functions.php on line 673
Warning: Use of undefined constant bname - assumed 'bname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/xjisuan.com/e/class/t_functions.php on line 673
Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/xjisuan.com/e/class/t_functions.php on line 673
Warning: Use of undefined constant bname - assumed 'bname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/xjisuan.com/e/class/t_functions.php on line 673
Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/xjisuan.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2424
Warning: Use of undefined constant wburl - assumed 'wburl' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/xjisuan.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2424
Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/xjisuan.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2429
Warning: Use of undefined constant listdt - assumed 'listdt' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/xjisuan.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2429
Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/xjisuan.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2434
Warning: Use of undefined constant classurl - assumed 'classurl' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/xjisuan.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2434
Warning: Use of undefined constant newsurl - assumed 'newsurl' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/xjisuan.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2440
Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/xjisuan.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2440
Warning: Use of undefined constant classpath - assumed 'classpath' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/xjisuan.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2440
Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/xjisuan.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2442
Warning: Use of undefined constant bname - assumed 'bname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/xjisuan.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2442
Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/xjisuan.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2445
Warning: Use of undefined constant bname - assumed 'bname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/xjisuan.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2445
上一首：
Warning: Use of undefined constant writer - assumed 'writer' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/xjisuan.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 178
柳宗元《
Warning: Use of undefined constant title - assumed 'title' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/xjisuan.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 178
别舍弟宗一》
Warning: Use of undefined constant id - assumed 'id' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/xjisuan.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 193
Warning: Use of undefined constant islast - assumed 'islast' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/xjisuan.com/e/class/t_functions.php on line 296
Warning: Use of undefined constant tbname - assumed 'tbname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/xjisuan.com/e/class/t_functions.php on line 305
Warning: Use of undefined constant modid - assumed 'modid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/xjisuan.com/e/class/t_functions.php on line 306
Warning: Use of undefined constant yhid - assumed 'yhid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/xjisuan.com/e/class/t_functions.php on line 307
Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/xjisuan.com/e/class/t_functions.php on line 673
Warning: Use of undefined constant bname - assumed 'bname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/xjisuan.com/e/class/t_functions.php on line 673
Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/xjisuan.com/e/class/t_functions.php on line 673
Warning: Use of undefined constant bname - assumed 'bname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/xjisuan.com/e/class/t_functions.php on line 673
Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/xjisuan.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2424
Warning: Use of undefined constant wburl - assumed 'wburl' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/xjisuan.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2424
Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/xjisuan.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2429
Warning: Use of undefined constant listdt - assumed 'listdt' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/xjisuan.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2429
Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/xjisuan.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2434
Warning: Use of undefined constant classurl - assumed 'classurl' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/xjisuan.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2434
Warning: Use of undefined constant newsurl - assumed 'newsurl' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/xjisuan.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2440
Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/xjisuan.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2440
Warning: Use of undefined constant classpath - assumed 'classpath' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/xjisuan.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2440
Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/xjisuan.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2442
Warning: Use of undefined constant bname - assumed 'bname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/xjisuan.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2442
Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/xjisuan.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2445
Warning: Use of undefined constant bname - assumed 'bname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/xjisuan.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2445
下一首：
Warning: Use of undefined constant writer - assumed 'writer' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/xjisuan.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 202
杜牧《
Warning: Use of undefined constant title - assumed 'title' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/xjisuan.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 202
沈下贤》
杜甫简介
唐代·杜甫的简介
Warning: Use of undefined constant titlepic - assumed 'titlepic' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/xjisuan.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 222
Warning: Use of undefined constant titleurl - assumed 'titleurl' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/xjisuan.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 223
Warning: Use of undefined constant titlepic - assumed 'titlepic' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/xjisuan.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 223
Warning: Use of undefined constant title - assumed 'title' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/xjisuan.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 223
Warning: Use of undefined constant smalltext - assumed 'smalltext' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/xjisuan.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 228
杜甫（712－770），字子美，自号少陵野老，世称“杜工部”、“杜少陵”等，汉族，河南府巩县（今河南省巩义市）人，唐代伟大的现实主义诗人，杜甫被世人尊为“诗圣”，其诗被称为“诗史”。杜甫与李白合称“李杜”，为了跟另外两位诗人李商隐与杜牧即“小李杜”区别开来，杜甫与李白又合称“大李杜”。他忧国忧民，人格高尚，他的约1400余首诗被保留了下来，诗艺精湛，在中国古典诗歌中备受推崇，影响深远。759-766年间曾居成都，后世有杜甫草堂纪念。
猜你喜欢
Warning: Use of undefined constant title - assumed 'title' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/xjisuan.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 277
馀思
Warning: Use of undefined constant tname - assumed 'tname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/xjisuan.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 280
明代：
Warning: Use of undefined constant title - assumed 'title' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/xjisuan.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 281
郭之奇
Warning: Use of undefined constant smalltext - assumed 'smalltext' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/xjisuan.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 299
或歌或罢有馀思，不可如何赋远而。日月惊心成老大，风云逼眼动愁悲。
人间美景当头错，山背烟容觌面欺。斗室何关终古事，此中惆怅复谁知。
Warning: Use of undefined constant title - assumed 'title' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/xjisuan.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 277
题吴子和山水
Warning: Use of undefined constant tname - assumed 'tname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/xjisuan.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 280
明代：
Warning: Use of undefined constant title - assumed 'title' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/xjisuan.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 281
张以宁
Warning: Use of undefined constant smalltext - assumed 'smalltext' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/xjisuan.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 299
今代高人张师夔，茧纸画出紫阳诗。青山娟娟洗宿雾，绿树粲粲含朝曦。
孤篷高卷在沙脚，一叟独坐閒支颐。返思前夜风雨恶，满蓑白雨飞淋漓。
Warning: Use of undefined constant title - assumed 'title' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/xjisuan.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 277
华亭吴江道中偶作十绝 其七
Warning: Use of undefined constant tname - assumed 'tname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/xjisuan.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 280
唐代：
Warning: Use of undefined constant title - assumed 'title' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/xjisuan.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 281
朱长文
Warning: Use of undefined constant smalltext - assumed 'smalltext' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/xjisuan.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 299
烟暝重湖日欲明，轻篷遥递浦前声。良鱼好入深渊去，不为鸣榔取次惊。
Warning: Use of undefined constant title - assumed 'title' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/xjisuan.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 277
月下笛
Warning: Use of undefined constant tname - assumed 'tname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/xjisuan.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 280
近现代：
Warning: Use of undefined constant title - assumed 'title' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/xjisuan.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 281
张尔田
Warning: Use of undefined constant smalltext - assumed 'smalltext' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/xjisuan.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 299
太液澄波，愁红换了，败荷零露。凉蝉起舞。自窥人，耿无语。
看花长记经游地，但衰泪、风前几缕。怅哀鸿唳角，天涯残梦，旷望何许。
Warning: Use of undefined constant title - assumed 'title' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/xjisuan.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 277
泽居
Warning: Use of undefined constant tname - assumed 'tname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/xjisuan.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 280
宋代：
Warning: Use of undefined constant title - assumed 'title' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/xjisuan.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 281
陆游
Warning: Use of undefined constant smalltext - assumed 'smalltext' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/xjisuan.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 299
泽居仅足不求余，旷快真同纵壑鱼。
平日酷憎蝇附骥，暮年肯作鹤乘车？齿摇但煮岷山芋，眼涩惟观胄监书。
Warning: Use of undefined constant title - assumed 'title' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/xjisuan.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 277
丹霞元旦
Warning: Use of undefined constant tname - assumed 'tname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/xjisuan.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 280
清代：
Warning: Use of undefined constant title - assumed 'title' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/xjisuan.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 281
成鹫
Warning: Use of undefined constant smalltext - assumed 'smalltext' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/xjisuan.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 299
天外三更来鹤神，老翁白发参差新。明知昨日有今日，同是一人非两人。
海印乍生虚室白，谷风不动明窗尘。兴来策杖入云去，极目莽苍何处春。