哭刘蕡
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唐代]：李商隐
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上帝深宫闭九阍，巫咸不下问衔冤。
黄陵别后春涛隔，湓浦书来秋雨翻。
只有安仁能作诔，何曾宋玉解招魂？
平生风义兼师友，不敢同君哭寝门。
哭刘蕡译文及注释
译文
天帝高高在上，天门紧闭，更不派神巫下凡来问一下刘蕡您的冤情。
自从去年春天与您在黄陵分别后就一直被滔滔江水阻隔，再也没有见面，一别之后，等来的竟是您客死浔阳的噩耗。
我此时只能像潘岳一样空作哀诔之文，却无法为您招魂使您起死回生。
刘蕡您平生高风亮节，于我亦师亦友，我不敢与您同列，更不敢在寝外哭悼亡灵。
注释
刘蕡（fén）：字去华，昌平（今北京昌平县）人。唐敬宗宝应二年（826年）进士。李商隐的友人。
深宫：一作“深居”。九阍：九重宫门。
巫咸：传说中的古代神巫。
黄陵：在今湖南湘阴县北。春涛隔：言去年黄陵别后，方历一载。时商隐在长安，与蕡所处之地遥隔大江，故云“春涛隔”。
湓（pén）浦：指江州，即浔阳，今江西九江。刘蕡可能卒于此地。书：此指讣书。从江州传来刘蕡的死讯，正是秋雨降落之时。
安仁：西晋潘岳的字，他长于写作哀诔文。此句以潘岳自喻，说自己只能空作诗文以致哀悼。诔（lěi）：古代叙述死者生前事迹，表示哀悼的文体。
招魂：《楚辞》篇名，王逸认为是“宋玉怜屈原魂魄放佚，厥命将落，故作《招魂》”。
风义：风度节义。此谓以交情而论，我们是朋友；但以风骨气节而论，我则敬之为师。
同君：与您一样，作为同辈。寝门：内室的门。
参考资料：
1、彭定求 等．全唐诗（下）．上海：上海古籍出版社，1986：1363
2、陈永正．李商隐诗选译．成都：巴蜀书社，1991：67-69
3、于海娣 等．唐诗鉴赏大全集．北京：中国华侨出版社，2010：391-392
哭刘蕡创作背景
此诗为李商隐初闻刘蕡病故的噩耗而作。刘蕡的卒年，史籍没有明确记载。冯浩《李商隐年谱》定在会昌二年（842年），刘学锴、余恕诚《李商隐诗歌集解》则定在大中三年（849年）秋。根据《李商隐诗歌集解》，此诗当作于唐宣宗大中三年（849年）。
参考资料：
1、于海娣 等．唐诗鉴赏大全集．北京：中国华侨出版社，2010：391-392
2、刘学锴 等．唐诗鉴赏辞典．上海：上海辞书出版社，1983：1149-1150
哭刘蕡鉴赏
首联寓言刘蕡被冤贬的情景：高高在上的天帝，安居深宫，重门紧闭，也不派遣巫咸到下界来了解衔冤负屈的情况。这幅超现实的上下隔绝、昏暗阴冷的图景，实际上是对被冤贬的刘蕡所处的现实政治环境一种象征性描写。比起他另外一些诗句如“九重黯已隔”、“天高但抚膺”等，形象更加鲜明，感情也更加强烈。诗人的矛头，直接指向昏聩、冷酷的“上帝”，笔锋凌厉，情绪激愤，使这首诗一开始就笼罩在一种急风骤雨式的气氛中。
颔联从去年春天的离别写到今秋的突闻噩耗，大中二年初春，两人在黄陵离别，以后就一直没有再见面，故说“黄陵别后春涛隔”。第二年秋天，刘蕡的死讯从浔阳传来，故说“湓浦书来秋雨翻”。这两句融叙事、写景、抒情为一体，具有鲜明而含蕴的意境和浓烈的感情色彩。“春涛隔”，不只形象地显示了别后江湖阻隔的情景，而且含蓄地表达了因阻隔而引起的深长思念，“春涛”的形象，更赋予这种思念以优美丰富的联想。“秋雨翻”，既自然地点明听到噩耗的时间，又烘托出一种悲怆凄凉的气氛，使诗人当时激愤悲恸与凄冷哀伤交织的情怀，通过具体可感的画面形象得到极富感染力的表现。两句一写生离，一写死别，生离的思念更衬出死别的悲伤。感情先由上联的激愤沉痛转为纤徐低徊，又由纤徐低徊转为悲恸激愤，显得波澜起伏。
前幅由冤贬到死别，在叙事的基础上融入浓厚的抒情成分。后幅转为直接抒情。颈联以擅长作哀谏之文的西晋作家潘岳（字安仁）和“怜哀屈原忠而斥弃，……魂魄散佚”而作《招魂》的宋玉自喻，说自己只能写哭吊的诗文深致哀悼，却无法招其魂魄使之复生。两句一正（只有……能）一反（何曾……解），相互映衬，有力地表达出诗人悲痛欲绝而又徒唤奈何的心情，下句尤显得拗峭遒劲。
尾联归结到彼此间的关系，正面点出题中的”哭”字。刘蕡敢于和宦官斗争的精神和鲠直的品质，使他在士大夫和知识分子中获得很高的声誉和普遍的崇敬，当时有声望的大臣牛僧孺、令狐楚出镇襄阳、兴元时，都辟刘蕡入幕，待之如师友。诗人和刘蕡之间，既有多年的友谊，而刘蕡的风采节概又足以为己师表，所以说“平生风义（情谊）兼师友”。《礼记·檀弓上》说，死者是师，应在内寝哭吊；死者是友，应在寝门外哭吊。诗人尊刘蕡如师，所以说不敢自居于刘蕡的同列而哭于寝门之外。这两句，不但表达了侍人对刘蕡的深挚情谊和由衷钦仰，也显示了这种情谊的共同思想、政治基础，正因为这样，这首哭吊朋友的诗，其思想意义就远远超越一般友谊的范围，而具有鲜明的政治内容和强烈的政治批判色彩；诗人的悲痛、愤激、崇敬与同情也就不只属于个人，而具有普遍的意义。直接抒情，易流于空泛、抽象，但由于诗人感情的深挚和表达的朴素真切，则显出深沉凝重的效果。
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王安石《
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思王逢原三首》
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李煜《
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浪淘沙·往事只堪哀》
李商隐简介
唐代·李商隐的简介
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李商隐，字义山，号玉溪（谿）生、樊南生，唐代著名诗人，祖籍河内（今河南省焦作市）沁阳，出生于郑州荥阳。他擅长诗歌写作，骈文文学价值也很高，是晚唐最出色的诗人之一，和杜牧合称“小李杜”，与温庭筠合称为“温李”，因诗文与同时期的段成式、温庭筠风格相近，且三人都在家族里排行第十六，故并称为“三十六体”。其诗构思新奇，风格秾丽，尤其是一些爱情诗和无题诗写得缠绵悱恻，优美动人，广为传诵。但部分诗歌过于隐晦迷离，难于索解，至有“诗家总爱西昆好，独恨无人作郑笺”之说。因处于牛李党争的夹缝之中，一生很不得志。死后葬于家乡沁阳（今河南焦作市沁阳与博爱县交界之处）。作品收录为《李义山诗集》。
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自吴城至马当湖江八景 其三 瀑布 在匡庐
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明代：
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郭之奇
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苍屏九叠尽飞荣，风雨千岩欲怒鸣。泉石初开天籁发，水山相杂大文生。
每乘清气阴阳御，渐出光华人世迎。不是银河天际落，峰头那得挂长庚。
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瓶花
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清代：
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屈大均
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射干才一朵，瓶小不胜花。剪似春罗碎，翩如綵蝶斜。
白头簪不可，素手赠谁家。砚侧间相映，光含一点霞。