送王司直
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唐代]：皇甫冉
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西塞云山远，东风道路长。
人心胜潮水，相送过浔阳。
送王司直鉴赏
这是一首以送别为主题的五言绝句。
严羽《沧浪诗话·诗法》中曾说:“律诗难于古诗,绝句难于八句,七言律诗难于五言律诗,五言绝句难于七言绝句。”从逻辑角度看，严沧浪显然认为五言绝句是难中之最了。后人对此当然难免有些争议,但其实严羽的感受是相当真实的。杨万里《诚斋诗话》中也说:“五七字绝句最少而最难工,虽作者亦难得四句全好者。”王世贞《艺苑巵言》说:“绝句固自难,五言尤甚,离首即尾。离尾即首,而要(通腰)腹亦自不可少。妙在愈小而大,愈促而缓。”这就不但肯定了五言绝句的“难”处,同时也指出了五言绝句的“妙”处。难,就难在“小”而“促”,妙,也妙在“小”而“促”。本诗以区区二十字,写送别情怀,着墨不多而蓄意无尽,堪称化“难”为“妙”的成功之作。
原诗以“西塞云山远,东风道路长”二句开头。对偶轻盈脱俗,工稳端丽。“西塞”是行人的目的地。云山远隔,只在想望之中，诗人的朋友即将乘舟前往。西塞山在湖北,浔阳江在江西,船行是由东向西，逆水而上的。“东风”当然是顺风,可以减少逆水行船的困难。这既是写实,也包含着作者善意的祝福。当然,即使是一帆风顺,旅程也是漫长而艰苦的。一句“东风道路长”,既蕴含了诗人发自内心的祝愿,又流露出诗人蒙胧的不安与深情的惜别，寥寥五字,真是言简意赅,余味无穷。
后二句“人心胜潮水,相送过浔阳”更进一层。既然客路工远,旅程孤寂,既然情热如火,不忍分离,那就该送上一程了，然而人不能送,因为情势不容；江潮也不能送,因为船向西而水东流,条件也不许可。那么,难道就让我的挚友孤雁独飞，去承受那漫漫征途中难耐的寂寞吗？不,诗人的心将时刻伴随着他，人心不比那无知的潮水,人心能超越时空的限制。它将伴送着行人,驶过浔阳江,驶向那云山深处的西塞。句中以“人心”与“潮水”对举,而一个“胜”字,便借流水的无情反衬出友人的多情。音节虽促,而蕴蓄深远,耐人寻味。
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上一首：
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王昌龄《
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送郭司仓》
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下一首：
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孟浩然《
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洛下送奚三还扬州》
皇甫冉简介
唐代·皇甫冉的简介
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皇甫冉，字茂政。约唐玄宗开元五年（公元717年）出生，卒于唐代宗大历五年（公元770年），润州（今镇江）丹阳人，著名诗人。先世居甘肃泾州。天宝十五年进士。曾官无锡尉，大历初入河南节度使王缙幕，终左拾遗、右补阙。其诗清新飘逸，多飘泊之感。
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