送薛存义序
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唐代]：柳宗元
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河东薛存义将行，柳子载肉于俎，崇酒於觞，追而送之江浒，饮食之。且告曰：“凡吏于土者，若知其职乎？盖民之役，非以役民而已也。凡民之食于土者，出其什一佣乎吏，使司平于我也。今我受其直，怠其事者，天下皆然。岂惟怠之，又从而盗之。向使佣一夫于家，受若值，怠若事，又盗若货器，则必甚怒而黜罚之矣。以今天下多类此，而民莫敢肆其怒与黜罚者，何哉？势不同也。势不同而理同，如吾民何？有达于理者，得不恐而畏乎！”
存义假令零陵二年矣。早作而夜思，勤力而劳心；讼者平，赋者均，老弱无怀诈暴憎。其为不虚取直也的矣，其知恐而畏也审矣。
吾贱且辱，不得与考绩幽明之说；于其往也，故赏以酒肉而重之以辞。
送薛存义序译文及注释
译文
河东人薛存义将要启程，我准备把肉放在盘子里，把酒斟满酒杯，追赶进而送到江边，请他喝，请他吃，并且告诉说：“凡是在地方上做官的人，你知道地方官的职责吗？（他们是）老百姓的仆役，并不是来役使老百姓的。凡是靠土地生活的人，拿出田亩收入的十分一来雇佣官吏，目的是让官吏为自己主持公道。现在自己做官的接受了老百姓的俸禄却不认真给他们办事，普天之下到处都是。哪里只是不认真？而且还要贪污、敲诈等行径。假若雇一个干活的人在家里，接受了你的报酬，不认真替你干活，而且还盗窃你的财物，那么你必然很恼怒进而赶走、处罚他。现在的官吏大多是像这样的，而百姓却不敢尽情地把愤怒发泄出来并责罚他们，这是为什么呢？情势不同啊。地位情况不同而道理一样，对我们的老百姓该怎么办？有明于事理的人，能不惶恐并敬畏吗？”
薛存义代理零陵县令两年了。每天很早便起床工作，晚上还在考虑问题，辛勤用力而耗费心血，打官司的都得到公平处理，缴纳赋税的都均衡合理，老的少的都没有内怀欺诈或外露憎恶的，他的行为的确没有白拿俸禄了，他知道惶恐和敬畏也明白无误。
我低贱并且被贬谪。不能在官员的评议中参与什么评议，在他临行的时候，因此，赠给酒肉而再加上这些赠言。
注释
（1）河东：今山西省永济县。
（2）将行：将要离开（零陵）。
（3）柳子：作者柳宗元自称。
（4）载肉于俎（zǔ）：把肉放在器物里。载：承。俎：古代放肉的器物。
（5）崇酒於觞（shāng）：在酒杯里倒满了酒。崇：充实，充满，这里作动词用。
（6）浒（hǔ）：水边。
（7）饮（yìn）食（sì）之：请他喝，请他吃。给……吃,喝
（8）凡吏于土者：所有在地方上做官的人。吏，做官，作动词用。
（9）若知其职乎：你知道他们的职责吗？若：你。其：指代“凡吏于土者”。
（10）民之役：百姓的仆役。役，仆役，作名词。
（11）役民：奴役人民，驱使人民。役：奴役，作动词用。
（12）凡民之食于土者：所有依靠土地生活的人。定语“食于土者”后置，中心词为“民”，倒装句式。
（13）出其十一佣乎吏：拿出他收入的十分之一来雇佣官吏。意思是：人民给官府纳赋税，官吏的俸禄就从赋税中出。
（14）使司平于我也：让官吏给我们百姓办事。司：官吏。平：治理。我：指代“民”、百姓。
（15）我受其直：我（官吏）接受了他们（百姓）的报酬。我：指代“吏”。直：同“值”，指官吏所得的俸禄。
（16）怠其事者：不认真给他们办事的。怠：懈怠。轻忽。其：指代人民。
（17）岂惟怠之：还不仅仅是玩忽职守。岂：语气助词，难道。唯：只。之：指代“其事”，即“民之事”。
（18）盗之;窃取百姓钱财，盗：指贪污和敲诈勒索。之：指代人民。
（19）向使佣一夫于家：假若你家里雇佣一个仆人。向使：假若。
（20）黜（chù）罚：责罚、逐出。黜，就官吏而言，是降职或罢免的意思。这里是指主黜仆，可解释为“逐出”。
（21）肆：爆发出来，表示出来。
（22）势不同也：官与民的关系，情势不同于主与仆的关系。意思是：人民没有办法黜罚官吏。
（23）如吾民何：对于老百姓能怎么样呢？如……何，文言固定格式，把……怎么样。
（24）达于理者：通达事理的人。
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韩愈《
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送区册序》
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送友人入蜀》
柳宗元简介
唐代·柳宗元的简介
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柳宗元（773年－819年），字子厚，唐代河东（今山西运城）人，杰出诗人、哲学家、儒学家乃至成就卓著的政治家，唐宋八大家之一。著名作品有《永州八记》等六百多篇文章，经后人辑为三十卷，名为《柳河东集》。因为他是河东人，人称柳河东，又因终于柳州刺史任上，又称柳柳州。柳宗元与韩愈同为中唐古文运动的领导人物，并称“韩柳”。在中国文化史上，其诗、文成就均极为杰出，可谓一时难分轩轾。
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