和董传留别
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宋代]：苏轼
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粗缯大布裹生涯，腹有诗书气自华。
厌伴老儒烹瓠叶，强随举子踏槐花。
囊空不办寻春马，眼乱行看择婿车。
得意犹堪夸世俗，诏黄新湿字如鸦。
和董传留别译文及注释
译文
生活当中身上包裹着粗衣劣布，胸中有学问气质自然光彩夺人。
不喜欢陪伴着老儒一块清谈过“烹瓠叶”那样的苦日子，决定随从举子们参加科举考试。
口袋里没有钱不置办那“看花”的马，但会看取令人眼花缭乱的“择婿车”。
考试得中仍然可以向世俗的人们夸耀，诏书上如鸦的黑字新写着俺的名字。
注释
董传：字至和，洛阳（今属河南）人。曾在凤翔与苏轼交游。宋神宗熙宁二年（1069）卒。
麤（cū）缯：粗制的丝织品。麤：同“粗”。大布：古指麻制粗布。《左传·闵公二年》：“卫文公大布之衣，大帛之冠。”杜预注：“大布，粗布。”裹：经历。生涯：人生的境遇过程。语本《庄子·养生主》：“吾生也有涯，而知也无涯。”
腹有：胸有，比喻学业有成。诗书：原指《诗经》和《尚书》。此泛指书籍。气：表于外的精神气色。华：丰盈而实美。
老儒：旧谓年老的学人。唐牟融《寄周韶州》诗：“十年学道困穷庐，空有长才重老儒。”瓠叶：《诗经·小雅》的篇名。共四章。根据诗序：瓠叶，大夫刺幽王也。或以为燕饮之诗。首章二句为：幡幡瓠叶，采之亨之。
举子：指被推荐参加考试的读书人。槐花：豆科植物槐的干燥花及花蕾。夏季花开放或花蕾形成时采收，及时干燥，除去枝、梗及杂质。前者习称“槐花”，后者习称“槐米”。踏槐花：唐代有“槐花黄，举子忙”俗语，槐花落时，也就是举子应试的时间了，后因称参加科举考试为“踏槐花”。
囊空不办：引自《南史‧虞玩之传》：“玩之为少府，犹蹑屐造席。高帝取屐亲视之，讹黑斜锐，瓒断以芒接之。问曰：‘卿此屐已几载？’玩之曰：‘初释褐拜征北行佐买之，著已三十年，贫士竟不办易。’”引用孟郊诗而不直接引用其诗语，只将“春风得意马蹄疾，一日看尽长安花。”之诗意转化为“寻春马”；引用虞玩之因贫困而旧屐著三十年不办易的事典，而转化为“囊空不办”，引用二个典故融合为一句，语多转折。囊空：口袋里空空的，比喻没有钱。唐杜甫《空囊》诗：“囊空恐羞涩，留得一钱看。”寻春马：引用孟郊《登科后》诗：“昔日龌龊不足夸，今朝放荡思无涯。春风得意马蹄疾，一日看尽长安花。”
择婿车：此指官贾家之千金美女所座之马车，游街以示择佳婿。唐代进士放榜，例于曲江亭设宴。其日，公卿家倾城纵观，高车宝马，于此选取佳婿。见五代王定保《唐摭言·慈恩寺题名游赏赋咏杂纪》。
得意：即“春风得意”，意谓黄榜得中。唐赵氏《闻夫杜羔登第》诗：“良人得意正年少，今夜醉眠何处楼。”世俗：社会上流传的风俗习惯。《文子·道原》：“矜伪以惑世，畸行以迷众，圣人不以为世俗。”
诏黄：即诏书，诏书用黄纸书写，故称。《南史·王韶之传》：“恭帝即位，迁黄门侍郎，领著作，西省如故。凡诸诏黄皆其辞也。”字如鸦：诏书写的黑字。语出唐人卢仝《示添丁》“忽来案上翻墨汁，涂抹诗书如老鸦”。
参考资料：
1、潘亚萍．古诗文注释．杭州：浙江大学出版社，2010：143
和董传留别创作背景
《和董传留别》是苏轼写给朋友董传的一首留别诗，作于苏轼从凤翔回到长安时。苏轼在凤翔，董传曾与苏轼相从。董传当时生活贫困，衣衫朴素，但他饱读诗书，满腹经纶，平凡的衣着掩盖不住他乐观向上的精神风骨。
和董传留别鉴赏
苏轼的这首《和董传留别》可能不为普通读者所熟知，而其中的“腹有诗书气自华”一句却广为传诵，原因就在于它经典地阐述了读书与人的修养的关系。中国的读书人向来把读书视为积累知识、增长学问的有效途径。读书的作用不仅在于占有知识，还在于提升人的精神境界。尤其是常读书，日积月累就会使人脱离低级趣味，养成高雅、脱俗的气质。清代学者梁章钜说：“人无书气，即为粗俗气，市井气，而不可列于士大夫之林。”事实证明，读书与不读书，读书多与读书少的人，所表现出的内在气质与素质是绝不相同的。“腹有诗书”指饱读诗书，满腹经纶，“气”可以理解为“气质”或“精神风貌”。全句的重心在“自”上面，它强调了华美的气质是饱读诗书的必然结果。
就苏轼送别的这位朋友董传而言，“气”不应简单地指读书所带给人的儒雅之气，更指古代读书人所推崇的在面对人生的失意和困窘时的乐观豁达的态度。孔子的弟子颜回“一箪食，一瓢饮，在陋巷”而能“不改其乐”。王勃在人生落魄时高唱“穷且益坚，不坠青云之志”。董传身处贫穷，却始终保持着乐观向上的精神风貌，追求着自己的人生目标，这可以从“囊空不办寻春马”一句看出。显然，苏轼对董传的人生态度还是非常欣赏的。在临别时送给朋友这一句，既是赞美，也是安慰。
“腹有诗书气自华”一句，阐明了读书与高雅气质的必然联系，凝练概括，深得读者喜爱。今天人们引用它来说明读书求知可以培养人高尚的品格和高雅的气质。也用来赞美别人学问渊博、气度不凡。
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苏轼《
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和董传留别》
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王恽《
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水调歌头·送王修甫东还》
苏轼简介
唐代·苏轼的简介
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苏轼（1037－1101），北宋文学家、书画家、美食家。字子瞻，号东坡居士。汉族，四川人，葬于颍昌（今河南省平顶山市郏县）。一生仕途坎坷，学识渊博，天资极高，诗文书画皆精。其文汪洋恣肆，明白畅达，与欧阳修并称欧苏，为“唐宋八大家”之一；诗清新豪健，善用夸张、比喻，艺术表现独具风格，与黄庭坚并称苏黄；词开豪放一派，对后世有巨大影响，与辛弃疾并称苏辛；书法擅长行书、楷书，能自创新意，用笔丰腴跌宕，有天真烂漫之趣，与黄庭坚、米芾、蔡襄并称宋四家；画学文同，论画主张神似，提倡“士人画”。著有《苏东坡全集》和《东坡乐府》等。
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皇甫汸
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王风寖失古，颓波荡自今。李生陈大雅，刘子抱文心。
弱余振鸿藻，高义抗词林。归田守玄默，闭关谢沉吟。
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寻胡处士不遇
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唐代：
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韩翃
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到来心自足，不见亦相亲。说法思居士，忘机忆丈人。
微风吹药案，晴日照茶巾。幽兴殊未尽，东城飞暮尘。