上行杯·草草离亭鞍马
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五代]：孙光宪
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离棹逡巡欲动，临极浦，故人相送，去住心情知不共。
金船满捧，绮罗愁，丝管咽。回别，帆影灭，江浪如雪。
上行杯·草草离亭鞍马译文及注释
译文
客船徘徊着即将开动，故友又赶来水边相送，虽说是行客和送者心情各不相同，
我们仍满饮大斗金杯，用酒来表达惜别之情。歌女在唱着伤愁的送别曲，伴奏的弦管似呜咽着别情。当我向远处回首告别的时候，一弯明月已高挂帆顶。只见如雪的浪花，涌动在浩淼的江中。
注释
离棹（zhào）：将离别的船。逡（qūn）巡：迟疑不决，欲进不进的样子。贾谊《过秦论》上篇：“秦人开关延敌，九国之师，逡巡而不敢进。”
去住：离去与留下。
金船：大酒杯，因形如船，故称。又称“金斗”。
绮（qǐ）罗：穿绮罗之人，此指侍女、歌女。
回别：回首告别，依依不舍貌。回，一作“迥”。
参考资料：
1、彭定求．全唐诗（下）：上海古籍出版社，1986：2184
2、钱国莲 等．花间词全集：当代世界出版社，2002：189
3、房开江 崔黎民．花间集全译：贵州人民出版社，1990：582-584
上行杯·草草离亭鞍马鉴赏
这首词是写与故人相别的情景，纯用白描的方法，从“极浦送别”写到帆影消失在“浪如雪”的碧江中，把去者和住者依依惜别的真挚感情，十分细腻地表现出来。王湘绮说孙词写“常语常景，自然风采”，这首词正体现了这一艺术特色。
词的上片，概括地写“故人相送”的地点和心情。原来“离棹逡巡欲动”的原因，故人赶来相送，那无穷的离愁，不尽的祝愿，依依难舍的心情，都在这里得到了生动的体现。“去住心情知不共”一语，在结构上来说，既是上片的结句，又是下片的过渡。从传达手法上来说，它是语常而意新，语浅而意深，描绘了更为广阔、更为深邃的美的境界。在去者此时此刻不免有“此地一为别，孤蓬万里征”（李白《送友人》）之感；而在住者则自然而然地要在内心里发出“春草明年绿，王孙归不归”（王维《山中送别》）的疑问。这句话写的常景常情，但它所包含的意义和韵味，大大地超出了它的语言框架，值得去思索和玩味。
下片十五前三句是铺叙宴别时的情景，是“故人相送”的具体描绘。后三句是写住者伫立凝望的神情，是依依惜别的形象刻画。这些都是司空见惯的情和景，而词人却把它写得别有风采。故人举行丰盛的惜别宴会，捧着满杯的酒，向去者表示美好的祝愿。然而别易会难，聚少离多，在这“连理分枝鸾失伴，又是一场离散”（孙光宪《清平乐》）的时候，那穿着绮罗的美人，必会“歌袖半遮眉黛惨，泪珠旋滴衣襟”（孙光宪《何满子》）。那奏着丝管的美人，必会发出“轻别离，甘抛掷，江上满帆风疾”（《谒金门》）的感叹。这一个“愁”字，一个“咽”字，把住者黯然销魂的心情形象地表现出来。“回别，帆影灭，江浪如雪”，是以景语总结全词，一句一韵，一韵一顿。他那伫立极浦，目送征帆，一直看到帆影消失在浩渺的烟波之中，但江上的浪涛卷起千堆雪，而他还在伫立凝思，种种神情心事，婉曲传出。这情景很像李白《金乡送韦八之西京》的“望望不见君，连山起烟雾”和《送孟浩然之广陵》的“孤帆远影碧空尽，唯见长江天际流”的诗句。他们都是用同一机杼，构造出一个余味无穷的审美意境，都是不言情而情自见。不言愁而愁自深。不过李白写的是当时当地的真实生活，是实写；而作者在这里所写的是想象。是想到“挥手自兹去”以后，故人的一往情深，不忍离别，伫立极浦。如痴如醉的情状，是虚写。以实写虚，或者以虚写实，都是含蓄美最常见、最一般的表现手法。他写的现象是具体的，是有限的，但他辐射出来的内涵却是抽象的、无限的，耐人深思、耐人咀嚼的，因而具有更好的、感人的艺术魅力。吴梅认为“孟文（孙光宪）之沉郁处，可与后主并美。”又说：“俊逸语，亦孟文独有。”这首词的下片的沉郁，上片的俊逸，确实是不容易达到的艺术境界。
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岑参《
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送李副使赴碛西官军》
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李白《
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对雪奉饯任城六父秩满归京》
孙光宪简介
唐代·孙光宪的简介
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孙光宪（901-968），字孟文，自号葆光子，属鸡，出生在陵州贵平（今属四川省仁寿县东北的向家乡贵坪村）。仕南平三世，累官荆南节度副使、朝议郎、检校秘书少监，试御史中丞。入宋，为黄州刺史。太祖乾德六年卒。《宋史》卷四八三、《十国春秋》卷一○二有传。孙光宪“性嗜经籍，聚书凡数千卷。或手自钞写，孜孜校雠，老而不废”。著有《北梦琐言》、《荆台集》、《橘斋集》等，仅《北梦琐言》传世。词存八十四首，风格与“花间”的浮艳、绮靡有所不同。刘毓盘辑入《唐五代宋辽金元名家词集六十种》中，又有王国维缉《孙中丞词》一卷。
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