九日五首·其一
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唐代]：杜甫
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九日五首·其一鉴赏
此诗是大历二年（767）重九日杜甫在夔州登高之作。诗人联系两年来客寓夔州的现实，抒写自己九月九日重阳登高的感慨，思想境界和艺术造诣，都远在一般登高篇什之上。
首联表现了诗人浓烈的生活情趣。诗人在客中，重阳到来，一时兴致勃发，抱病登台，独酌杯酒，欣赏九秋佳色。诗人酷好饮酒、热爱生活的情态，便在诗行中活现。
颔联诗笔顿转。重九饮酒赏菊，本是古代高士的传统，可是诗人因病戒酒，虽“抱病”登台，却“无分”饮酒，遂也无心赏菊。于是诗人向菊花发号施令起来：“菊花从此不须开”！这一带着较强烈主观情绪的诗句，妙趣神来，好像有些任性，恰好证明诗人既喜饮酒，又爱赏菊。而诗人的任性使气，显然是他艰难困苦的生活遭遇使然。这一联，杜甫巧妙地使用借对（亦即沈德潜所谓“真假对”），借“竹叶青”酒的“竹叶”二字与“菊花”相对，“萧散不为绳墨所窘”（《诗人玉屑》），被称为杜律的创格。菊花虽是实景，“竹叶”却非真物，然而由于字面工整贴切，特别显得新鲜别致，全联遂成为历来传诵的名句。
颈联进一步写诗人瞩目遐思，因景伤情，牵动了万千愁绪。诗人独身飘泊异地，日落时分听到一声声黑猿的啼哭，不免泪下沾裳。霜天秋晚，白雁南来，更容易触发诗人思亲怀乡的感情。诗中用他乡和故园的物候作对照，很自然地透露了诗人内心的隐秘：原来他对酒停杯，对花辍赏，并不只是由于病肺，更是因为乡愁撩人啊！
尾联以佳节思亲作结，遥怜弟妹，寄托飘零寥落之感。上句由雁来想起了弟妹音信茫然；下句哀叹自己身遭战乱，衰老多病。诗人一边诅咒“干戈”象逼命似的接连发生，一边惋惜岁月不停地催人走向死亡，对造成生活悲剧的根源──“干戈”，发泄出更多的不满情绪。这正是诗人伤时忧国的思想感情的直接流露。
此诗由因病戒酒，对花发慨，黑猿哀啼，白雁南来，引出思念故乡，忆想弟妹的情怀，进而表现遭逢战乱，衰老催人的感伤。结尾将诗的主题升华：诗人登高，不仅仅是思亲，更多的是伤时，正所谓“杜陵有句皆忧国”。此诗全篇皆对，语言自然流转，苍劲有力，既有气势，更见性情。句句讲诗律却不着痕迹，很象在写散文；直接发议论而结合形象，毫不感到枯燥。写景、叙事又能与诗人的忧思关合很紧。笔端蓄聚感情，主人公呼之欲出，颇能显示出杜甫夔州时期七律诗的悲壮风格。
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上一首：
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陶渊明《
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己酉岁九月九日》
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宋祁《
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九日置酒》
杜甫简介
唐代·杜甫的简介
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杜甫（712－770），字子美，自号少陵野老，世称“杜工部”、“杜少陵”等，汉族，河南府巩县（今河南省巩义市）人，唐代伟大的现实主义诗人，杜甫被世人尊为“诗圣”，其诗被称为“诗史”。杜甫与李白合称“李杜”，为了跟另外两位诗人李商隐与杜牧即“小李杜”区别开来，杜甫与李白又合称“大李杜”。他忧国忧民，人格高尚，他的约1400余首诗被保留了下来，诗艺精湛，在中国古典诗歌中备受推崇，影响深远。759-766年间曾居成都，后世有杜甫草堂纪念。
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