纵笔三首·其三
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宋代]：苏轼
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北船不到米如珠，醉饱萧条半月无。
明日东家知祀灶，只鸡斗酒定膰吾。
纵笔三首·其三译文及注释
译文
北来的粮船未到，近来米贵如珍珠，半月不知饱和醉，这肚子好萧条好清苦。
好在明天是祭灶日，难得这年末岁尾，东家宰鸡，烤肉，备酒，定会饷我祭肉醉一回。
注释
祀灶：祭灶神，古代五祀之一。汉以前祀灶在夏天举行。后传说汉代阴子方腊日晨见到灶神，并以黄羊祭之，因而大富，逐以腊日为祀灶日。旧时风俗多以阴历十二月二十三日或二十四日为祀灶日。
膰：古代祭祀用的烤肉。这里“膰”当动词“馈”，进食于人。
纵笔三首·其三创作背景
宋哲宗元符二年（1099年），大诗人苏轼由惠州（今属广东省）贬所再贬儋州（治所在今广东儋县西北，辖境在今海南省西部地区），时已64岁，且病魔缠身，正处于“食无肉，居无室，病无药，出无友”的困境。此年岁末，作《纵笔三首》。
参考资料：
1、陈祥耀 等．宋诗鉴赏辞典．上海：上海辞书出版社，1987：459-460
纵笔三首·其三鉴赏
这首诗写诗人和儋州人民的深厚感情。起句写北方船只不到，儋州米价贵了起来，有“米珠薪桂”之慨。儋州当时耕种落后，产米很少，苏轼《和陶劝农六首》小序说：“海南多荒田，俗以贸香为业。所产杭稻，不足于食。”所以“北船不到”，米价高涨是必然的。次句写在上述情况下，诗人半月不得醉饱，这也是实况，参看他在儋州的其他诗作可知。后二句写第二天是东邻祭灶之日，他们和诗人感情极好，会以祭品相饷。膰，本义为祭肉，这里作动词用，指送祭灶品，即送“只鸡斗酒”。“只鸡斗酒”，语出曹操《祭桥玄文》，切合祭品，用典精当。上二句写诗人自己的窘况，也写儋州的环境；后二句写诗人对邻人的信赖，从一件具体小事侧面反映他和儋州人民感情的深厚。这首诗的成功之处是以直截之笔写真率之怀。它直写诗人的渴酒思肉，直写对邻人送酒肉的期待，毫不掩饰，毫不做作，正如纪昀所评的“真得好”。诗写求酒肉，又写得这样真而不鄙。是否不鄙，就要看其“全人”，有待于“知人论世”了。
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曹雪芹《
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芙蓉女儿诔》
苏轼简介
唐代·苏轼的简介
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苏轼（1037－1101），北宋文学家、书画家、美食家。字子瞻，号东坡居士。汉族，四川人，葬于颍昌（今河南省平顶山市郏县）。一生仕途坎坷，学识渊博，天资极高，诗文书画皆精。其文汪洋恣肆，明白畅达，与欧阳修并称欧苏，为“唐宋八大家”之一；诗清新豪健，善用夸张、比喻，艺术表现独具风格，与黄庭坚并称苏黄；词开豪放一派，对后世有巨大影响，与辛弃疾并称苏辛；书法擅长行书、楷书，能自创新意，用笔丰腴跌宕，有天真烂漫之趣，与黄庭坚、米芾、蔡襄并称宋四家；画学文同，论画主张神似，提倡“士人画”。著有《苏东坡全集》和《东坡乐府》等。
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