鹧鸪天·插脚红尘已是颠
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宋代]：陆游
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插脚红尘已是颠。更求平地上青天。新来有个生涯别，买断烟波不用钱。
沽酒市，采菱船。醉听风雨拥蓑眠。三山老子真堪笑，见事迟来四十年。
鹧鸪天·插脚红尘已是颠译文及注释
译文
一个人生长在人世间已是够癫痴了，再去孜孜追求功名富贵、企图飞黄腾达，那就更加癫痴。最近生活道路发生了重大变化，在山阴家乡，自己有一条船，可以在湖面自由往来，不用花钱。
市中买酒，江上采菱，画船听雨，醉后披蓑衣而睡。自己真是可笑，长期糊里糊涂地生活，觉悟时已经迟了四十多年。
注释
鹧鸪天：词牌名。又名《思佳客》《半死桐》《思越人》《醉梅花》。双调，五十五字，上、下片各三平韵。
红尘：人世、社会。
颠：通“癫”。
新来：近来。
生涯：生活。
别：区分，异样。
买断：全部买下。
沽（gū）酒：买酒、打酒。
三山老子：作者陆游自称。三山：山名，在山阴西南九里，镜湖之滨。
见事：明白事理。
参考资料：
1、蒋凡，白振奎编选．陆游集．南京：凤凰出版社 ，2014：169-170
2、严修编著．陆游诗集导读．北京：中国国际广播出版社 ，2009：310-311
鹧鸪天·插脚红尘已是颠创作背景
词作于乾道二年(1166年)，是年作者四十二岁。这一年春，陆游在隆兴府任上被免官。他二月初离任，取陆路经临川、玉山入浙，于五月间抵里，开始了在三山西村的闲居时光。
参考资料：
1、蒋凡，白振奎编选．陆游集．南京：凤凰出版社 ，2014：169-170
鹧鸪天·插脚红尘已是颠鉴赏
开头两句，用自责的口吻，抒发愤激不平的感慨。陆游从三十四岁出任宁德主簿开始走上仕途，到四十二岁被免官，八年期间调动频繁，却一直未被重用，自然会有满腹的牢骚。他自已抱怨说，“插脚红伞”步入官场，这本身就是一个痴呆的人所作出的错误选择，可还想高升，还想被重用，这就像“平地上青天”一样的不切实际。接下来的两句，打开了一个新的局面：“新来有个生涯别，买断烟渡不用钱。”如今被免官，这倒好了，终于找到了一种新的生活方式——归乡闲居。三山、镜湖自有山水之胜，闲居于此，正如李白所说“清风朗月不用一钱买”（《襄阳歌》），又如苏轼所说“唯江上之清风与山间之明月……取之无禁，用之不竭，是造物者之无尽藏也”（《前赤壁赋》）。昔贤之言深获陆游之心，于是发出了类似的赞叹：“买断烟波不用钱”。由感慨到赞叹，这表现了作者初识隐居之乐的一种新鲜的感受。
词的下片又用具体的生活内容对隐居的乐趣作了一些必要的补充描写。如果没有“沽酒市，采菱船”几句，那么，前面所说的“别个生涯”和“买断烟波”就架空。最后两句是自嘲的话，是照应开头的自责而说的，说自己不仅痴呆而且还“真堪笑”，见事太迟，一直迟了四十午，还不知道生活的道路究竟应该怎么走，看来，过去的四十年算是白活了。虽然此词开头的自责给人一些沉重之感，但写到最后的自嘲，作者的笔调和心情就轻松得多了。
刘师培对放翁词的总体风格评价是：“屏除纤艳，清真绝俗，逋峭沉都，而出以平淡之词，例以古诗，亦元亮、右丞之匹，此道家之词也。”（《论文杂记》）这首词极其鲜明地体现了该特色。
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陆游（1125—1210），字务观，号放翁。汉族，越州山阴（今浙江绍兴）人，南宋著名诗人。少时受家庭爱国思想熏陶，高宗时应礼部试，为秦桧所黜。孝宗时赐进士出身。中年入蜀，投身军旅生活，官至宝章阁待制。晚年退居家乡。创作诗歌今存九千多首，内容极为丰富。著有《剑南诗稿》、《渭南文集》、《南唐书》、《老学庵笔记》等。
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