雪诗
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唐代]：张孜
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其中豪贵家，捣椒泥四壁。
到处爇红炉，周回下罗幂。
暖手调金丝，蘸甲斟琼液。
醉唱玉尘飞，困融香汁滴。
岂知饥寒人，手脚生皴劈。
雪诗译文及注释
译文
长安城中大雪纷纷，鸟雀迷途难以互寻。
富贵人家并不怕冷，椒泥涂墙壁香又匀。
朱门处处烧着红炉，四周放下重重罗帐。
席上奏起玄妙乐曲，玉液琼浆斟满杯子。
室内饮宴室外大雪，人人困倦汗洒满身。
哪知城中饥寒的人，手脚冻裂苦苦呻吟。
注释
难相觅：指鸟雀互相难以寻觅。
椒：植物名，其籽实有香味，封建社会，富贵人家常以椒末和泥涂抹墙壁，取其温暖芳香。泥：用如动词，以泥涂抹。
爇（ruò）：烧。
幂：幂本作“巾”字解，这里与“幕”字相同，诗人可能是为了押韵而用了“幂”字。
金丝：泛指乐器。丝，丝弦。金，形容丝弦的贵重。
蘸甲：古人饮宴，酒要斟满，举杯喝酒时，指甲能沾到酒，这里的“蘸甲”指斟满酒。
醉唱玉尘飞：室内饮宴欲舞，室外大雪飞扬，一说：席上歌者吟唱大雪纷飞的景象，亦通。玉尘，指雪。
困融：愧倦，懒散。香汗滴：指歌者舞者滴洒香汗。
岂知：哪里知道。
皴（cūn）：皮肤因受冻而开裂。
参考资料：
1、吉林大学中文系．唐诗鉴赏大典（十二）．长春：吉林大学出版社，2009：53-55
2、尚作恩 等．晚唐诗译释．哈尔滨：黑龙江人民出版社，1987：159-162
雪诗鉴赏
张孜生当唐末政治上极其腐朽的懿宗、僖宗时代。他写过一些抨击时政、反映社会现实的篇，遭到当权者的追捕，被迫改名换姓，渡淮南逃。他的诗大都散佚，仅存的就是这一首《雪诗》。
诗分三层：头两句为一层，点明时间、地点、环境；中八句为一层，揭露了“豪贵家”征歌逐舞的豪奢生活；后两句为一层，写“饥寒人”的贫苦。
诗以“长安”开头，表明所写的内容是唐朝京都的见闻。“大雪天”，说明季节、天气。雪大的程度，诗人形象地用“鸟雀难相觅”来说明。大雪纷飞，迷茫一片，连鸟雀也迷失了方向，真是冰天雪地的景象。这就为后面的描写、对比安排了特定环境。
以下，以“其中”二字过渡，从大雪天的迷茫景象写到大雪天“豪贵家”的享乐生活。“捣椒泥四壁”，是把花椒捣碎，与泥混合，涂抹房屋四壁。汉未央宫有椒房殿，乃皇后所居之室。这里写“豪贵家”以椒泥房，可以想见室内的温暖、芳香下华丽。
“到处爇红炉”两句，写室内的陈设。既然是“豪贵家”，他们陈设之富丽，器物之精美，自不待言，但诗中一一撇开，仅选择了“红炉”“罗幂”两件设施。“红炉”可以驱寒，“罗幂”用以挡风。红炉“爇（燃烧）”而“到处”，言其多也；罗幂“下”而“周回（周围）”，言其密也。这表明室外雪再大，风再猛，天再寒，而椒房之内，仍然春光融融一片。
“暖手调金丝”四句，写“豪贵家”征歌逐舞、酣饮狂欢的筵席场面：歌女们温软的纤手弹奏着迷人的乐曲，姬妾们斟上一杯杯琼浆美酒。室外雪花纷飞狂舞，室内人们也在醉歌狂舞，直至人疲身倦，歌舞仍然无休无止，一滴滴香汗从佳人们的俊脸上流淌下来。
诗的结尾，笔锋一转，“手脚生皴劈”，写“饥寒人”的手脚因受冻裂开了口子。这两句扣住大雪天“鸟雀难相觅”这一特定环境，是作者的精心安排。在这大雪飞扬、地冻天寒的日子里，“饥寒人”还在劳作不已，为生活而奔走，为生存而挣扎。这就提出了一个发人深省的社会问题。“岂知”，很有份量，不仅是责问，简直是痛斥。作者愤怒之情，表露无遗。
全诗采用对比的手法。诗人先写出长安城大雪纷飞的特定环境，再通过对在这一特定环境中“豪贵家”与“饥寒人”生活的对比突出主题，使主题鲜明。这种对比，是深深植根于现实生活的，和诗的内容取得了高度的和谐与统一。另外，诗人又采用了白居易在其讽喻诗中常常采用的篇末点题的手法。从数量上讲，诗人用了三分之二以上的篇幅描写富贵人家的宴饮，以三幅图画表现豪门贵族的糜烂生活：富家椒房图、罗幂红炉图、弦歌宴饮图。而在篇末仅仅用了二句点出富贵人家的对立面——“饥寒人”的苦况，可以想见“讥寒人”在鸟雀都“难相觅”的情况下会是怎样的情形，而这两句诗又赋予前八句诗以新义，指出“豪贵家”的奢侈享乐是建立在人民的贫苦的基础上，“豪贵家”的嘴脸也就更加可恶可僧了。诗人的态度是明确的，他十分憎恶那些在大雪天歌舞宴饮的“豪贵家”，无情地揭露他们，诗人把自已的同情投给了那些在大雪天痛苦挣扎的“饥寒人”，吟咏他们的痛苦，为他们请命，为他们歌唱。
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邓廷桢《
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水龙吟·雪中登大观亭》
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马致远《
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张孜，开封人。母微时生孜，后入宫乳悼献太子。孜方在襁褓，真宗以付内侍张景宗曰：“此儿貌厚，汝谨视之。”景宗遂养以为子。荫补三班奉职、给事春坊司，转殿直。
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