春夜闻笛
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唐代]:李益
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春夜闻笛译文及注释
译文
在寒山吹着笛子呼唤春回大地,被谪迁的人彼此对望不禁泪湿衣。
晚上洞庭湖畔停宿的无数大雁,还没等到天亮就都急切地往北飞。
注释
⑴寒山:地名,在今江苏徐州市东南,是东晋以来淮泗流域的战略要地,屡为战场。
⑵迁客:指遭贬斥放逐之人。作者此刻被贬谪,也属“迁客”之列。相看:一作“相逢”。
春夜闻笛创作背景
这首《春夜闻笛》是诗人谪迁江淮时的思归之作,具体创作时间不详。从李益今存诗作可知他曾到过扬州,渡过淮河,经过盱眙(今安徽凤阳东)。诗中“寒山”在今江苏徐州市东南,是东晋以来淮泗流域战略要地,屡为战场。诗人自称“迁客”,说明此诗是作者贬谪从军南来时所作。
参考资料:
1、萧涤非 等.唐诗鉴赏辞典.上海:上海辞书出版社,1983:716
春夜闻笛鉴赏
这首诗前二句写闻笛。此时,春方至,山未青,夜犹寒,而军中有人吹笛,仿佛是那羌笛凄厉地呼唤春归大地,风光恰似塞外。这笛声,这情景,激动士卒的乡愁,更摧折着迁客,不禁悲伤流泪,渴望立即飞回北方中原的家乡。于是,诗人想起那大雁北归的传说。每年秋天,大雁从北方飞到湖南衡山回雁峰栖息过冬。来年春天便飞回北方。后二句即用这个传说。诗人十分理解大雁亟待春天一到就急切北飞的心情,也极其羡慕大雁只要等到春天便可北飞的自由,所以说“不待天明尽北飞”。与大雁相比,迁客却即使等到了春天,仍然不能北归。这里蕴含着遗憾和怨望:迁客的春光──朝廷的恩赦,还没有随着大自然的春季一同来到。
诗人以恍惚北方边塞情调,实写南谪迁客的怨望,起兴别致有味;又借大雁春来北飞,比托迁客欲归不得,寄喻得体,手法委婉,颇有新意。而全诗构思巧妙,感情复杂,形象跳跃,针线致密。题曰“春夜闻笛”,前二句却似乎在写春尚未归,所以有人“吹笛唤春归”,而迁客不胜其悲;后二句一转,用回雁峰传说,想象笛声将春天唤来,一夜之间,大雁都北飞了。这一切都为笛声所诱发,而春和夜是兴寄所在,象征着政治上的冷落遭遇和深切希望。在前、后二句之间,从眼前景物到想象传说,从现实到希望,从寒山笛声到迁客,到洞庭群雁夜飞,在这一系列具体形象的叠现之中,动人地表现出诗人复杂的思想感情。它以人唤春归始,而以雁尽北飞结,人留雁归,春到大地而不暖人间,有不尽的怨望,含难言的惆怅。
王之涣《凉州词》云:“羌笛何须怨杨柳?春风不度玉门关。”这是盛唐边塞诗的豪迈气概。李益这首诗的主题思想其实相同,不过是说春风不到江南来。所以情调略似盛唐边塞诗,但它多怨叹之情而少豪迈之气,情调逊于王诗。然而委婉曲折之情,亦别具风致。这正是中唐诗歌的时代特点。
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李贺《
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李凭箜篌引》
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苏轼《
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虞美人·琵琶》
李益简介
唐代·李益的简介
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李益(约750—约830), 唐代诗人,字君虞,祖籍凉州姑臧(今甘肃武威市凉州区),后迁河南郑州。大历四年(769)进士,初任郑县尉,久不得升迁,建中四年(783)登书判拔萃科。因仕途失意,后弃官在燕赵一带漫游。以边塞诗作名世,擅长绝句,尤其工于七绝。
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