云中至日
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清代]：朱彝尊
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去岁山川缙云岭，今年雨雪白登台。
可怜日至长为客，何意天涯数举杯。
城晚角声通雁塞，关寒马色上龙堆。
故园望断江村里，愁说梅花细细开。
云中至日译文及注释
译文
我去年就登临了缙云山，今年又置身于这风雪弥漫的白登山。
可怜我在冬至还在他乡为客，何曾想到会在此天涯举杯消愁。
傍晚边城响起的号角声直通雁门关，关外积雪呈现出斑驳之色，延伸到白龙堆沙漠。
遥想家乡在远方的江村之中，却又怕说起此时梅花已经盛开了。
注释
云中：古郡名，今山西大同市。至日：冬至节。
缙云岭：又名仙都山，在今浙江缙云县境。
白登台：即白登山，在今山西大同市东北，为汉高祖被匈奴围困处。
日至：日南至，即冬至。
何意：何曾想到。灭涯：远方。数：屡次。
角：军中吹的号角。雁塞：即雁门塞，又名雁门山，在今山西代县西北。
关：雁门关，在山西省代县北部，为长城要塞之一。马色：这里疑指地有积雪，现出斑驳之色。龙堆：亦称白龙堆，在新疆罗布泊以东至甘肃玉门关，古代为西域交通要道。
愁说：指怕提起故乡风物。细细开：形容花枝繁盛，花时长久。
参考资料：
1、胡光舟，张明非主编．新编千家诗,：广西师范大学出版社，1998.05：1814
云中至日创作背景
这首诗写冬至在云中郡（今山西大同）过节的所见所闻。康熙三年（1664年），诗人往谒山西按察副使曹溶，居住于大同的万物同春亭。冬至这天本应与家人团圆，身处天涯的诗人思乡之情油然而生，于是写下了这首诗。
参考资料：
1、穆杰主编．古诗词鉴赏·冬之卷：山西古籍出版社，2004.06：157-158
云中至日鉴赏
首联“去岁山川缙云岭，今年雨雪白登台”，交代行踪，说自己并不是今朝不得归家，而是久在异地，漂泊至今。“山川”、“雨雪”暗示在外的艰辛，今年的情形尤其令人伤悲，雪花纷至，山中寒气逼人。“可怜日至长为客，何意天涯数举杯”直抒胸臆，可叹游子在佳节时分，众人团圆之际，只能登高饮酒排解忧愁。“长”、“数”字表明诗人在外做客之久及思乡之苦。颈联“城晚角声通雁塞，关寒马色上龙堆”，放开视角，由景人情，由眼前的萧瑟之景联想到塞外边地的荒冷，以此烘托孤寂凄冷的心境。尾联收束全篇，想起故乡的风物，聊解愁肠，但路途遥远，即便是决眦也不能如愿。这重重的阻隔，加上料想故园的梅花正是恣情怒放，尽展风姿的时候，禁不住伤痛万分，还不如勿提此物。这样的心境使得善于含蓄寄意的诗人也直说“愁”字了。
这首诗代表了朱彝尊诗歌的特色。全诗讲究对仗，除尾联外，三联全都对仗工整。尤其是首联、颈联含有四个地名，使用自然贴切。另外，尾联还借用了杜诗的诗意。如此使诗歌典雅深婉，意味颇深，可以见出诗人才华出众。
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万楚《
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骢马》
朱彝尊简介
唐代·朱彝尊的简介
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朱彝尊(1629～1709)，清代诗人、词人、学者、藏书家。字锡鬯，号竹垞，又号驱芳，晚号小长芦钓鱼师，又号金风亭长。汉族，秀水（今浙江嘉兴市）人。康熙十八年（1679）举博学鸿词科，除检讨。二十二年（1683）入直南书房。曾参加纂修《明史》。博通经史，诗与王士祯称南北两大宗。作词风格清丽，为浙西词派的创始者，与陈维崧并称朱陈。精于金石文史，购藏古籍图书不遗余力，为清初著名藏书家之一。
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