从军行七首·其四
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唐代]：王昌龄
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从军行七首·其四译文及注释
译文
青海湖上乌云密布，连绵雪山一片黯淡。边塞古城，玉门雄关，远隔千里，遥遥相望。
守边将士，身经百战，铠甲磨穿，壮志不灭，不打败进犯之敌，誓不返回家乡。
注释
青海：指青海湖，在今青海省。唐朝大将哥舒翰筑城于此，置神威军戍守。长云：层层浓云。雪山：即祁连山，山巅终年积雪，故云。
孤城：即玉门关。玉门关：汉置边关名，在今甘肃敦煌西。一作“雁门关”。
破：一作“斩”。楼兰：汉时西域国名，即鄯善国，在今新疆维吾尔自治区鄯善县东南一带。西汉时楼兰国王与匈奴勾通，屡次杀害汉朝通西域的
参考资料：
1、彭定求 等．全唐诗（上）．上海：上海古籍出版社，1986年10月版：第330页
2、于海娣 等．唐诗鉴赏大全集．北京：中国华侨出版社，2010年12月版：第76-79页
3、徐中玉 金启华．中国古代文学作品选（一）．上海：华东师范大学出版社，1999年9月版：第485-486页
从军行七首·其四鉴赏
唐代边塞诗的读者，往往因为诗中所涉及的地名古今杂举、空间悬隔而感到困惑。怀疑作者不谙地理，因而不求甚解者有之，曲为之解者亦有之。这第四首诗就有这种情形。
前两句提到三个地名。雪山即河西走廊南面横亘廷伸的祁连山脉。青海与玉门关东西相距数千里，却同在一幅画面上出现，于是对这两句就有种种不同的解说。有的说，上句是向前极目，下句是回望故乡。这很奇怪。青海、雪山在前，玉门关在后，则抒情主人公回望的故乡该是玉门关西的西域，那不是汉兵，倒成胡兵了。另一说，次句即“孤城玉门关遥望”之倒文，而遥望的对象则是“青海长云暗雪山”，这里存在两种误解：一是把“遥望”解为“遥看”，二是把对西北边陲地区的概括描写误解为抒情主人公望中所见，而前一种误解即因后一种误解而生。
一、二两句，不妨设想成次第展现的广阔地域的画面：青海湖上空，长云弥温；湖的北面，横亘着绵廷千里的隐隐的雪山；越过雪山，是矗立在河西走廊荒漠中的一座孤城；再往西，就是和孤城遥遥相对的军事要塞——玉门关。这幅集中了东西数千里广阔地域的长卷，就是当时西北边戍边将士生活、战斗的典型环境。它是对整个西北边陲的一个鸟瞰，一个概括。之所以特别提及青海与玉关，这跟当时民族之间战争的态势有关。唐代西、北方的强敌，一是吐蕃，一是突厥。河西节度使的任务是隔断吐蕃与突厥的交通，一镇兼顾西方、北方两个强敌，主要是防御吐蕃，守护河西走廊。“青海”地区，正是吐蕃与唐军多次作战的场所；而“玉门关”外，则是突厥的势力范围。所以这两句不仅描绘了整个西北边陲的景象，而且点出了“孤城”西拒吐蕃，北防突厥的极其重要的地理形势。这两个方向的强敌，正是戍守“孤城”的将士心之所系，宜乎在画面上出现青海与玉关。与其说，这是将士望中所见，不如说这是将士脑海中浮现出来的画面。这两句在写景的同时渗透丰富复杂的感情：戍边将士对边防形势的关注，对自己所担负的任务的自豪感、责任感，以及戍边生活的孤寂、艰苦之感，都融合在悲壮、开阔而又迷蒙暗淡的景色里。
三、四两句由情景交融的环境描写转为直接抒情。“黄沙百战穿金甲”，是概括力极强的诗句。戍边时间之漫长，战事之频繁，战斗之艰苦，敌军之强悍，边地之荒凉，都于此七字中概括无遗。“百战”是比较抽象的，冠以“黄沙”二字，就突出了西北战场的特征，令人宛见“日暮云沙古战场”的景象；“百战”而至“穿金甲”，更可想见战斗之艰苦激烈，也可想见这漫长的时间中有一系列“白骨掩蓬蒿”式的壮烈牺牲。但是，金甲尽管磨穿，将士的报国壮志却并没有销磨，而是在大漠风沙的磨炼中变得更加坚定。“不破楼兰终不还”，就是身经百战的将士豪壮的誓言。上一句把战斗之艰苦，战事之频繁越写得突出，这一句便越显得铿锵有力，掷地有声。一二两句，境界阔大，感情悲壮，含蕴丰富；三四两句之间，显然有转折，二句形成鲜明对照。“黄沙”句尽管写出了战争的艰苦，但整个形象给人的实际感受是雄壮有力，而不是低沉伤感的。因此末句并非嗟叹归家无日，而是在深深意识到战争的艰苦、长期的基础上所发出的更坚定、深沉的誓言，盛唐优秀边塞诗的一个重要的思想特色，就是在抒写戍边将士的豪情壮志的同时，并不回避战争的艰苦，此篇就是一个显例。可以说，三四两句这种不是空洞肤浅的抒情，正需要有一二两句那种含蕴丰富的大处落墨的环境描写。典型环境与人物感情高度统一，是王昌龄绝句的一个突出优点，这在此篇中也有明显的体现。
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王维《
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山中与裴秀才迪书》
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佚名《
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孔雀东南飞》
王昌龄简介
唐代·王昌龄的简介
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王昌龄 (698— 756），字少伯，河东晋阳（今山西太原）人。盛唐著名边塞诗人，后人誉为“七绝圣手”。早年贫贱，困于农耕，年近不惑，始中进士。初任秘书省校书郎，又中博学宏辞，授汜水尉，因事贬岭南。与李白、高适、王维、王之涣、岑参等交厚。开元末返长安，改授江宁丞。被谤谪龙标尉。安史乱起，为刺史闾丘所杀。其诗以七绝见长，尤以登第之前赴西北边塞所作边塞诗最著，有“诗家夫子王江宁”之誉（亦有“诗家天子王江宁”的说法）。
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：
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释妙声
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吴越山川一水分，总戎今属李将军。旌旗影动鼋鼍窟，鼓角声连虎豹群。
徼外遐荒来送款，幕中宾客总能文。想君禹穴题诗处，长向姑苏望白云。