渡黄河
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明代]：宋琬
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倒泻银河事有无，掀天浊浪只须臾。
渡黄河译文及注释
译文
常听说银河倒泻，这事真假难辨，如今见到的黄河，一下子浊浪掀天。
人世间的风波，不知比这险恶多少，可人们反说，险途只在这黄河中间。
注释
倒泻银河：银河里的水倾倒下来。
须臾：一下子。
翻说：反而说。
渡黄河创作背景
宋琬曾于顺治十八年（1661年），因为族人诬告他与起义军首领于七有联系，被满门抄系，槛车押赴北京。三年后才出狱，又放废了八年。在这期间，他对于人情的反复，世途的险恶，有深刻的体会。此诗即写于宋琬释归之后，他晚年遭到人生大挫折，故亦借渡黄河而慷慨悲歌。
参考资料：
1、陈器之主编．历代诗词曲千首精译（下册）：湖南人民出版社，1998.09：1461
2、王英志选注．元明清诗词选：太白文艺出版社，2004年05月：258
渡黄河鉴赏
这首诗前两句将黄河的浊浪排天，以天上盼银河倒泻陪衬，极力描写它的险恶。说人们一旦来到那一泻千里、气势磅礴的黄河岸边时，就不免被它那“倒泻银河”的神秘传说吓住。对这种瞻前顾后、畏首畏尾的人，诗人是非常蔑视的。自然，横渡黄河是有一定危险的，但也只不过是承受“须臾”的“掀天浊浪”而已。在永恒的时间和空同里，人的生命也正如激流险峰中的一叶小舟：当生活的巨浪铺天盖地砸下来时，没人能够事先预见，也没人能知道这灾难会延续到何时。宋琬曾是位少有方名的诗人，早年便高中进士，为官时也颇多惠政，深得人民爱戴。却不想被人诬陷，以至于“立逮下狱”，“并系妻子”，在拘囚的三年中，又险遭不测之祸。这就难怪他会借“渡黄河”之题，发出“人间更有风涛险”的沉重叹息了。
后两句写黄河汹涌奔腾，古人不知其发源地，认为是天上的银河倒翻下来的，故有“黄河之水天上来”之说。它有掀天的浪涛，但是要渡过去也用不了多长时间，惊涛骇浪的风险很短暂，一般都能渡过。真正的风险却是在人间。一般人在险恶的人间，习惯了尔虞我诈、勾心斗角、豺狼横行、暗无天日、伤天害理、良心灭绝的生活，还不曾觉察到它的险恶，反而说黄河的险风恶浪才是最可怕的，不敢渡过。
宋琬认为诗人处穷困之境，心怀“幽忧”之情，自易“悲歌慷慨”。（《董阆石诗序》）黄河本是自然界之险途，但无论其“倒泻银河”也好，“掀天浊浪”也罢，在诗人眼中，与人生道路之充满尔虞我诈，相互倾轧相比，都微不足道。诗人以反衬的手法极写其对社会人生的认识，十分深刻，含感时伤世之情，发穷愁孤愤之音，诗格老成，笔力劲健，可见其诗风之一个侧面。
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李流芳《
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黄河夜泊》
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罗隐《
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黄河》
宋琬简介
唐代·宋琬的简介
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宋琬（1614～1674）清初著名诗人，清八大诗家之一。字玉叔，号荔裳，汉族，莱阳（今属山东）人。顺治四年进士，授户部主事，累迁永平兵仆道、宁绍台道。族子因宿憾，诬其与闻逆谋，下狱三年。久之得白，流寓吴、越间，寻起四川按察使。琬诗入杜、韩之室，与施闰章齐名，有南施北宋之目，又与严沆、施闰章、丁澎等合称为燕台七子，著有《安雅堂集》及《二乡亭词》。
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