咏雪
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南北朝]：刘义庆
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谢太傅寒雪日内集，与儿女讲论文义。俄而雪骤,公欣然曰：“白雪纷纷何所似？”兄子胡儿曰：“撒盐空中差可拟。”兄女曰：“未若柳絮因风起。”公大笑乐。即公大兄无奕女，左将军王凝之妻也。
咏雪译文及注释
译文
谢安在寒冷的雪天举行家庭聚会，和他子侄辈的人讲解诗文。不久，雪下得大了，太傅高兴地说：“这纷纷扬扬的白雪像什么呢?”他哥哥的长子谢朗说：“在空中撒盐差不多可以相比。”谢安大哥的女儿说：“不如比作柳絮凭借着风飞舞。”太傅大笑起来。她就是谢安大哥谢无奕的女儿谢道韫，左将军王凝之的妻子。
注释
谢太傅：即谢安（.320年－385年），字安石，晋朝陈郡阳夏（现在河南太康）人。做过吴兴太守、侍 中、吏部尚书、中护军等官职。死后追赠为太傅。
内集：家庭聚会。
儿女：子侄辈。
讲论文义：讲解诗文。
俄而：不久，不一会儿。
骤：急，紧。
欣然：高兴的样子。
何所似：像什么。何，什么；似，像。
胡儿：即谢朗。谢朗，字长度，谢安哥哥的长子。做过东阳太守。
差可拟：差不多可以相比。差，大致，差不多；拟，相比。
未若：倒不如。
因：凭借。
即：是。
无奕女：指谢道韫（yùn），东晋有名的才女，以聪明有才著称。无奕，指谢奕，字无奕。
王凝之：字叔平，大书法家王羲之的第二个儿子，做过江州刺史、左将军、会稽内史等。
咏雪创作背景
《世说新语》主要是记录魏晋名士的逸闻轶事和玄言清谈，这篇《咏雪》就始出于东晋谢安与其子侄辈们的一段即兴对话。
参考资料：
1、刘庆华译注. 世说新语. 广州：广州出版社, 2001.07.前言
咏雪鉴赏
“谢太傅寒雪日内集，与儿女讲论文义。”文章第一句交代咏雪的背景。短短的十五个字，涵盖的内容相当多。东晋的谢氏家族是个赫赫有名的诗礼簪缨之家，为首的是谢太傅即谢安。在这样的家族里，遇到雪天无法外出，才有“讲论文义”的雅兴。召集人兼主讲人自然是谢安，听众是“儿女”们。时间、地点、人物、事件全都说到了。接着写主要事件咏雪。其实是主讲人出题考听众。主讲人何以有此雅兴？原来是天气发生了变化：“俄而雪骤”，早先也有雪，但不大，而此刻变成了纷纷扬扬的鹅毛大雪。这使主讲人感到很高兴，于是“公欣然曰：‘白雪纷纷何所似？’兄子胡儿曰：‘撒盐空中差可拟。’兄女曰：‘未若柳絮因风起。’”答案可能不少，但作者只录下了两个：一个是谢朗说的“撒盐空中”；另一个是谢道韫说的“柳絮因风起”。主讲人对这两个答案的优劣未做评定，只是“大笑乐”而已，十分耐人寻味。作者也没有表态，却在最后补充交代了谢道韫的身份，“即公大兄无奕女，左将军王凝之妻也。”这是一个有力的暗示，表明他欣赏及赞扬谢道韫的才气，并写出了谢道韫是“咏絮才”。
为何说谢道韫作的词句更好呢？比喻讲究形似：大团大团的雪花簌簌落下，倘若有风，则会漫天飞舞。一团一团的柳絮，与鹅毛大雪相似，也会因风漫天飞舞，古诗中就有“柳絮池塘淡淡风”的句子。纷飞的白雪和因风起的柳絮，都给人以轻盈、飘逸、优雅的感受。用“柳絮因风起”来比喻“白雪纷纷”，可谓形相似，景相同。盐与雪花，形状不同，轻重又有别，“撒盐空中”即使轻风起时也不能随风飘扬。用来比喻“白雪纷纷”并不是很恰当。比喻更讲究神似：盐在空中唰唰地撒，重重地下落，躲都来不及，何谈欣赏？无美感可言。比作柳絮，一扫滞重之感，因风而起，漫天飘飞，这才是大自然的造化。而且柳絮飘飞的季节是春暖花开之时，冬季之冷景，以春季之暖景写出，更见诗意。
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刘禹锡《
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西塞山怀古》
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刘禹锡《
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陋室铭》
刘义庆简介
唐代·刘义庆的简介
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刘义庆（403—444）汉族，彭城（今江苏徐州）人。字季伯，南北朝文学家。自幼才华出众，爱好文学，并广招四方文学之士，聚于门下。刘宋宗室，袭封临川王，公元444年（元嘉21年）死于建康（今南京）。除《世说新语》外，还著有志怪小说《幽明录》。
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